摘要:臺灣紡織工業歷經60餘年發展與成長,已成為我國重要的工業,屬於勞力密集的傳統產業。紡織產業勞工人數近年來雖逐年下降,占整體製造業人數不高,但因其工作型態多處於高溫、高噪音、高廢氣、多重化學物質暴露及棉絮粉塵暴露,該產業之勞工健康需多加關注。紡織業各項製程皆有機會暴露到各類化學物質,除了各類清潔劑、漂白劑與偶氮類染料外,也會使用大量的溶劑,其中包含揮發性有機化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)及棉絮/粉塵。勞工暴露VOCs可能對人體皮膚及眼睛產生不良刺激,進而引發中樞神經、呼吸、血液及消化系統失調,長期暴露高濃度VOCs更可能產生肝臟毒性、腎臟毒性或致癌可能性。長期暴露棉絮/粉塵會產生胸悶、咳嗽、氣喘等症狀,嚴重會產生慢性呼吸道疾病。此外暴露VOCs或可能造成勞工體內產生較多自由基,對人體造成氧化壓力傷害,進而產生疾病。 本研究擬根據法定採樣/分析方法針對紡織廠作業環境空氣中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三氯苯、三氯乙烯、甲醛、甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯等11種VOCs濃度及棉絮/粉塵進行8小時量測,了解勞工可能暴露VOCs及棉絮/粉塵劑量。而勞工實際暴露VOCs的劑量則以同位素稀釋-液相層析串聯質譜法(ID-LC-MS/MS)分析勞工尿液中VOCs的特定代謝物,以推估實際暴露VOCs濃度,並進行暴露風險評估。本研究亦利用ID-LC-MS/MS分析勞工尿液中氧化壓力生物指標8-OHdG及血液中氧化壓力生物指標丙二醛(MDA),瞭解其體內DNA傷害、發炎反應、脂質過氧化傷害等狀況。同時利用上述之結果結合職業壓力量表及生活型態問卷,探討勞工作業環境、勞工壓力程度、勞工尿液/血液中與氧化壓力相關之生化指標以及勞工之生活型態之相關性。期望藉由此研究成果,了解紡織業勞工工作壓力與職業環境暴露對於體內生化指標及VOCs代謝物濃度之影響,並進行暴露風險評估,以維護勞工健康。
Abstract: After more than 60 years of development and growth, textile industry, a labor-intensive traditional industry, has become an important industry in Taiwan. Although the number of laborers in the textile industry has declined year by year in recent years, health of workers of the textile industry needs to be paid more attention since the workers are often exposed to high temperatures, high noise, high exhaust gas, multiple chemical exposures, and cotton dust exposure. All processes in the textile industry have the opportunity to the workers to be exposed to various chemical substances. In addition to various cleaning agents, bleaching agents and azo dyes, a large number of solvents are also used, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Workers exposed to VOCs may lead to adverse skin and eye irritation, and then may cause central nervous, respiratory, blood and digestive system disorders in advance. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of VOCs is more likely to cause liver toxicity, kidney toxicity or carcinogenicity. Long-term exposure to cotton wool/dust can cause symptoms such as chest tightness, cough, and asthma, and even chronic respiratory diseases. In addition, workers exposed to VOCs may induce more free radicals in their body to cause oxidative stress damage to the human body, and then cause disease. This proposal would like to collect benzene, toluene, xylene, trichlorobenzene, trichloroethylene, formaldehyde, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, etc. in the airborne area of textile plants according to standard sampling / analysis methods. The VOCs concentration and the amount of cotton wool / dust will be measured from an 8-hour air sampling to realize the possible dose/amounts of workers exposed to VOCs and cotton wool/dust. The actual dose of VOCs exposed to the workers will be analyzed by isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS) for specific metabolites of VOCs in urine from workers, and then to execute the risk assessment regarding the exposure to selected VOCs. ID-LC-MS/MS will be also utilzed to analyze 8-OHdG, a biological indicator of oxidative stress in urine and malondialdehyde (MDA), a biological indicator of oxidative stress in blood, to understand its DNA damage, inflammatory response, and lipid peroxidation damage. At the same time, the above results will be discussed in combination with the occupational stress scale and lifestyle questionnaire to explore the correlation between working environment, labor stress, labor urinary / blood biochemical indicators related to oxidative stress, and labor lifestyle. It is hoped that the results of this research will be used to understand the impact of working pressure and occupational environmental exposure of textile workers on the biochemical indicators and the concentration of VOCs metabolites in the textile industry, and to perform exposure risk assessment to maintain the health of workers.