Abstract
摘要：根據美國國家海洋大氣署的調查，自十九世紀末期以來，地表溫度已上升了0.6℃，而過去的二十五年來溫度上升最為嚴重，地表溫度上升了0.2~0.3℃。聯合國也表示地表平均溫度到2100年則可能再增加3.5℃。1981至2002年間，全球暖化已經造成小麥、玉米和大麥等作物每年四百萬噸的損失，估計每年損失50億美元。然而大多數研究高溫對於植物的影響，都專注於植物營養組織的熱休克誘導的部分。然而前人研究指出隨著溫度的上升，植物生殖組織，如未來會發育成種子或果實的雌蕊及雄蕊，對於溫度敏感性較營養組織來的大。因此在到達熱休克反應的溫度之前，溫度的增加就已經損害了作物的產量。因此，本計劃利用在正常溫度(22℃)及較高溫度(32℃)下發育的阿拉伯芥花軸組織做為材料，以其cDNA作為探針與阿拉伯芥之生物晶片進行雜交。由生物晶片的結果可以得到會受到熱干擾的基因，這些基因包括了受熱促進及受熱降低表現的基因，本實驗室會再以RT-PCR進一步的確認其表現和溫度的相關性。同時會以Blastn及Genevastigator比對和分析程式，對這些基因的功能和其所參與的訊息傳遞途徑加以分析。接著會以35S或組織專一性的啟動子在阿拉伯芥中大量表現這些基因。同時也會利用RNAi產生knock-down轉殖株，並向阿拉伯芥生物資源中心(ABRC)購買利用T-DNA插入所產生的knock-out植株，這些轉殖研究將可以充分了解，這些能受到熱干擾的基因在植物體中的功能。這些在阿拉伯芥中所進行研究的基因，如果產生有趣的結果，將進一步轉殖進入蕃茄中。期待本計劃的實驗結果可以使我們了解植物中，高溫干擾基因的功能及其所參與的訊息傳遞路徑，並且在全球暖化的時期，能促進番茄和其他農作物的產量。
Abstract: Global surface temperatures have increased about 0.6°C since the late-19th century, and about 0.2 to 0.3°C over the past 25 years, the period with the most credible data reported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of US. Also, the United Nations on climate change also mentioned that Earth`s average surface temperature could rise up to 3.5°C by 2100. Global warming has already reduced the combined production of wheat, corn, and barley by 40 million metric tons per year between 1981-2002, and the annual losses were estimated to be $5 billion. However, most of studies about temperature in plants focus on the effects of high temperature shock, so called heat shock, on the vegetative tissues of plants. Previous studies indicated that reproductive tissues, containing stamen and carpel that further develop to fruits, seeds and grains, are more sensitive to temperature rise than vegetative tissues. The increase of temperature impairs the productivity of crops, before it goes up to the temperature high enough to induce heat shock response. Therefore, this project is to study the difference of gene expression patterns of arabidopsis growing in 22℃ (normal temperature) and 32℃ (moderate temperature) with DNA microarray using cDNA from inflorescence tissues as probes. The possible thermo-interference genes, including thermo-enhancement and thermo-reduction genes, will be identified by RT-PCR, and their putative functions and signal transduction pathways will be analyzed by Blastn and Genevestigator programs. Transgenic arabidopsis over-producing these heat-interference genes will be produced using 35S promoter or tissue-specific promoter, and those with knocking-down and knocking-out these heat-interference genes will also be generated by creating RNAi plants or requesting T-DNA insertion lines from Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (ABRC). These researches results from transgenic plants may reveal the functions of these thermo-interference gene in details. The interesting genes from arabidopsis studies may also be transferred into tomato. The results of this study may understand the functions and signal transduction pathway of thermo-interference genes in plants, and enhance the yields of tomato and other crops in the global warming period.
Keyword(s)
熱干擾基因
地球暖化
阿拉伯芥
蕃茄
thermo-interference gene
global warming
arabidopsis
tomato
