摘要:(一)、中文摘要:
本計畫的主旨在運用無線感測器網路技術、機電整合技術、生物化學傳訊物質開發技術、與GSM無線通訊技術建立一套東方果實蠅生態監測與預警系統,將農園蟲害生態環境監測資訊即時回傳。奠基於吾人先前的研究成果,本計畫所擬研製之生態監測與預警系統大致可分為兩大部分,遠端無線感測器網路系統以及主控平台。無線感測器網路系統負責擷取各項生態環境與東方果實蠅數量資訊,透過GSM無線通訊系統回報資料。主控平台主要功能在於接收、儲存與顯示所回傳之資料,可執行線上統計分析,並具備預警與通報功能,可即時通報管理人員最新的蟲害資訊。另外,本研究亦擬運用所蒐集的田間蟲害生態資訊,透過生物系統鑑別方法,觀察田間環境參數變化的情形與蟲害數量增生情況間的關係,進而建立田間蟲害數量增生鑑別模型,預測田間蟲害的發生。本計畫之執行預計以三年分三階段進行,茲分述如下:
第一年:
本年度計畫擬研製並實現本系統之基礎建設和可與感測器節點結合之自動化東方果實蠅誘捕裝置,主要著重在系統佈建與雛型可行性研究。所完成之雛型系統用以自動偵測田間各種不同的環境參數及東方果實蠅數量。本研究擬以無線感測器網路設計此遠端偵測系統,其中包括(1)開發東方果實蠅誘引劑的最佳化配方以有效誘引果實蠅。 (2) 研製可與感測器節點搭配的自動化蟲害計數偵測裝置。(3)研製無線感測器網路的閘道器,並配置較昂貴且較為耗電的感測模組包括風速計與GPS模組。(4)進行資料無線傳輸之用的GSM模組。(5)可作為提供閘道器不同電力來源的電源管理模組,以及(5) 負責整合系統間各模組間溝通與控制的核心整合微處理器。最後,在進行性能驗證與設計修正後,整合上述所研製的各項模組,完成無線感測器網路監測系統之研製。在主控平台方面,主要是利用LabVIEW圖控式軟體作為開發平台,撰寫一套友善的人機介面平台。其功能包括接收監測系統回傳之擷取資料、控制閘道器以及無線感測器網路參數設定。
第二年:
本年度將進行網路現場佈建、整合與測試。除了將本計畫平台移轉至『技術平台研發』類所研發之共通平台外,並針對實際農園生態操作環境進行系統的整合測試、耐氣候與耐久測試。由於農園間氣候多變,對電路之穩定性影響頗大。因此根據田間環境需求,必要時將所研製電路將以印刷電路板重製以加強其防水功能及傳導特性。在耐久測試的過程中,將搜集環境資料與果實蠅數量,建立系統化資料庫,撰擬基本資料統計程式,以利後續生物鑑別模式分析。此外,自動化果實蠅誘捕裝置的有效性與準確性取決於誘引劑,且會影響後續的分析準確性。因此,本年度將進行所開發的果實蠅誘引劑實地田間測試,以決定誘引劑在開放環境中的有效性與持續性。確定有效範圍與持續時間後,將依此規劃修正適當的無線感測器網路組態、MAC協定、資料量測與傳送方式。
第三年:
本年度計畫擬利用第一年與第二年所研製完成之東方果實蠅監測系統,進行蟲害生態資料擷取實驗。本計畫擬從事收集農地間各種不同的環境資訊(包括溫度、溼度、風速、照度等)與東方果實蠅的蟲害數量資訊。在此,以田間蟲害數遭受各種不同環境參數的影響為主要研究項目。運用生物系統鑑別理論進行研究,建立田間蟲害數量增生鑑別模型,用以預測田間蟲害的發生並據此完成預警系統。由無線感測器網路所收集的數據,可判斷是否發生蟲害及是否達到經濟危害界線,適時發出預警。再者,利用本系統所蒐集之農地資料,將可提供進行精準農業之農地管理時的有利參考依據,而長時間監測下亦可觀察田間在氣候變化前後的生態環境。
關鍵詞:無線感測器網路、生態環境、東方果實蠅、誘引劑、GSM無線通訊技術、生物系統鑑別理論
Abstract: (一)、Abstract:
The purpose of this project is to set up a wireless oriental fruit fly ecology monitoring and alerting system for the real time monitoring and sending back the ecological environmental parameters of the farming field and pest captured number by using the integration technology of wireless sensor network, mechatronics, and the GSM wireless communication technology. Based on our previous work, the monitoring and alerting system proposed in this project includes two major parts, remote wireless sensor network system and host control platform. The sensor network system is used to collect the information of the farming field and send out the acquisition data through a GSM wireless communication system. The main function of the host control platform is to receive, save, display the sent-back data, and perform on-line statistical analysis together with the capability of broadcasting and informing the real-time information to the field supervisors. Besides, by the identification theory for bio-system, we can observe the relationship between the environmental parameters variations and the growing number of the field pest and then establish an identification model of the quantity growth of the oriental fruit fly, which can be used to forecast the occurrence of the insect pest in the field. This project is proposed to be executed by three stages in three years as described below.
The First Year:
In this year, the project plans to develop the infrastructure of the whole system and design the fruit fly trap with automatic counting mechanism which is compatible with the sensor nodes. The main focus of this stage is to investigate the feasibility of the prototype system that can detect the different parameters in the field automatically. This research adopts wireless sensor network technology to design the remote monitoring system, in which the main designing concerns are: (1) The optimized oriental fruit fly recipe attracting the insect pest effectively. (2) The fly trapping device which counts automatically and is compatible with the sensor nodes. (3) The gateway of the sensor network equipped with power-consumed GPS module and anemometer. (4) The GSM module used for the wireless transmission of the acquired data in the field. (5) The power management module used to provide the various power sources for different modules used in the gateway. (6) The core integration microprocessor responsible for the integration of the entire modules of the gateway. Finally, after the performance verification and design modification for each module, we integrate the entire modules to finish the remote sensor network based monitoring system. As to the host control platform, we plan to develop a friendly graphical user interface (GUI) by using the LabVIEW software as the design platform. The functions of this GUI platform include receiving the sent-back data from the field, remote controlling the gateway, and set up the parameters of wireless sensor network.
The Second Year:
In this year, the monitoring system developed in the first stage is transferred to the universal platform and established in farming field to examine the durability, adaptability, and integrability with the host control platform. Since the climate varies dramatically in the field, if necessary, the developed circuits and components are re-produced by using printed circuit boards to improve the water-proof ability and conductibility. Furthermore, it is known that the effectiveness and accuracy of the automatic fly trap, and thus the following analysis, depend on the attractant. The attractant of oriental fruit fly is field-tested in the open ecological environment to determine the range of attraction and the attraction-lasting period. Based on the results, this research can find the suitable configuration of the sensor network, applicable MAC protocol, and appropriate data measurement and transmission time. Also, the performance evaluation and design modification of the proposed monitoring system will be performed to ensure the long-term stability of the monitoring system.
The third Year:
In the third year, we adopt the system developed in the 1st and 2nd years to carry out the practical experiments on field data acquisition including various ecological environmental parameters (e.g., temperature, humidity, wind sped, and illumination) and the captured number of pest sample, i.e., oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel). The main object of these experiments is to find out the influence of the quantity of the insect pest by the different environmental factors. Besides, using the identification theory of bio-system, the project proposes to build up an identification model of the quantity growth of the insect pest to forecast the occurrence of the insect pest and determine if reach the economic damage criterion of pest on crops. Accordingly, the alerting system can be designed and implemented on the host control platform. Moreover, the field information collected from the remote wireless monitoring system can be provided to the field management of precision agriculture as a valued reference. Under long-term monitoring, the designed system can be also utilized to provide the observation for the microclimate in field.
Key word:Wireless sensor network, Ecological environment, Oriental fruit fly, Attractant, GSM wireless communication technology、Identification theory of the bio-system