Abstract
摘要:重大災害災民安置與社區重建服務系統的建構
從「莫拉克颱風災後重建特別條例」的內容可以清楚看出,其所揭示的重建工作,主要是以災民 的慰助與重建工程的施作為主,未強調社區重建的重要性。雖然該條例明訂政府應於各災區設立生活重建服務中心,其功能在「提供生活心理就學 業各項福利服務」,此乃係以個人和家庭為導向的服務,其功能受限;且中央政府直接介入鄉鎮市的生活重建中心的設立,縣市政府雖被課以督導之責,卻無權力管轄。中央政府距離災區遙遠,如何治理地方生活重建? 到底一個理想的災後安置與社區生活重建服務模式應該如何被建構?原地與異地安置與重建的 服務模式有何不同?要考慮哪些要素?由誰來決定?服務內容應該有哪些?由誰來提供服務?服務成 果如何評鑑?這些嚴重地影響到災民的復原與重建效果。因此,本研究以莫拉克風災為例,兼論921震災與他國經驗,檢討災後生活重建服務的提供,進而試圖發展一套理想的災後安置與重建服務模式。特別是涉及原住民族部落的多元文化議題。
Abstract: Based on the ‘The Post-Typhoon Morakot Reconstruction Special Act’, it emphasized the survivors’
assistance and rebuilding work but did not stress on the importance of community reconstruction. This Act regulated the ‘life reconstruction service center (LRSC)’ in the disaster area that should be established by the government. The center mainly provided the welfare services on the “psychological, living, education, and employment” assistance that were more likely to individual and family oriented. Since the functions of the LRSCs were severely confined, even the worst, the national government directly involved in the establishment of LRSCs in townships. The local government was granted to have the responsibility to supervise these centers but has no power to manage them. How would the national government govern the LRSCs when it stayed far away from the disaster area?
How should an ideal model of post-disaster survivor displacement and community reconstruction be
constructed? What’s the difference between the in-place reconstruction and the displacement? What factors should be taken into consideration and who would make the decision for displacement? What kinds of the services should be included? Who will provide these services? How will the services outcomes be evaluated? These issues deeply impact on the effectiveness of reconstruction and the survivor’s recovery. Taking the Morakot typhoon disaster an example, this study will consider the experience from 921 earth quake and disasters from other countries to examine the services provided by the post-disaster LRSCs. Furthermore, the study will expect to develop an ideal model for post-disaster displacement and reconstruction, especially involving in the aboriginal tribes related multiple culture issue
Keyword(s)
災難
災民安置
復原力
社區重建
生活重建中心
disaster
survivor displacement
resilience
community reconstruction
life reconstruction service center (LRSC)