https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/628943
標題: | Simulating nitrate formation mechanisms during PM2.5 events in Taiwan and their implications for the controlling direction | 作者: | Chuang, Ming-Tung CHANG-FU WU Lin, Chuan-Yao Lin, Wei-Che Chou, Charles C.-K Lee, Chung-Te Lin, Tang-Huang Fu, Joshua S. Kong, Kong, Steven Soon-Kai |
關鍵字: | Nitrate formation mechanism; PM2.5; O3; WRF/CMAQ modeling; PARTICULATE MATTER; NONLINEAR RESPONSE; MODEL; CHINA; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS; RECOMMENDATIONS; BENCHMARKS; CHEMISTRY; COMMUNITY | 公開日期: | 2022 | 出版社: | PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD | 卷: | 269 | 來源出版物: | Atmospheric Environment | 摘要: | The long-term downward trend of NOX concentrations does not reflect the reduction of nitrate (NO3−) in Taiwan. Instead, the proportion of NO3− in PM2.5 increased in recent years. To probe the increasing importance of NO3− in PM2.5, this study applied the WRF/CMAQ modeling system to implement a simulation from 16 March 2017 to 30 April 2017, in which 5 p.m.2.5 events with daily average concentrations ≥35 μg m−3 and their corresponding correlation coefficients (R) of simulated and observed PM2.5 above 0.6 were selected for analysis. During the daytime, the reaction of NO2 and OH contributed more than 90% of the total HNO3. After sunset, the high concentrations of NO3 and N2O5 peaked, followed soon by the simultaneous rise of NO3−, aerosol water content, and HNO3 concentrations around midnight, which indicated that the heterogeneous reaction was the main formation mechanism of NO3−, accounting for approximately 30%–90% of total HNO3. At nighttime, the daytime-formed gaseous phase NO3− condensed, and low wind and low boundary layer height favored accumulation; therefore, PM2.5 peaked around the midnight period to the early morning. The sensitivity test showed that doubling and halving the NOX and NH3 emissions could directly lead to the highest production and reduction of NO3−, respectively, followed by doubling and halving NMHC emissions, which caused the highest and lowest O3 concentrations. The correlation analysis of the simulation results showed that the daytime maximum O3 and HNO3 were highly correlated. The relationships between daytime maximum O3, nighttime maximum NO3, N2O5, and HNO3 in pairs were also moderately to highly correlated. This study implies that in addition to direct reduction of NOX or NH3 emissions, controlling O3 is possibly another useful strategy to reduce NO3−. Because NOX emission reduction could conflict with controlling O3, this study suggests to re-examine the determination of NOX-limited and VOCS-limited regions in order to develop strategies for reducing NOX emission and O3 simultaneously. |
URI: | https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/628943 | ISSN: | 1352-2310 | DOI: | 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118856 |
顯示於: | 環境與職業健康科學研究所 |
在 IR 系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。