https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/634504
Title: | Autophagic Activation and Decrease of Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Contribute to Anticancer Activities in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer | Authors: | Hsu, Jui-Ling Leu, Wohn-Jenn Zhong, Nan-Shan JIH-HWA GUH |
Keywords: | Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway; autophagy; non-small cell lung cancer; para-toluenesulfonamide; plasma membrane cholesterol | Issue Date: | 1-Oct-2021 | Journal Volume: | 26 | Journal Issue: | 19 | Start page/Pages: | 5967 | Source: | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) | Abstract: | Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), an aggressive subtype of pulmonary carcinomas with high mortality, accounts for 85% of all lung cancers. Drug resistance and high recurrence rates impede the chemotherapeutic effect, making it urgent to develop new anti-NSCLC agents. Recently, we have demonstrated that para-toluenesulfonamide is a potential anti-tumor agent in human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through inhibition of Akt/mTOR/p70S6 kinase pathway and lipid raft disruption. In the current study, we further addressed the critical role of cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomain and autophagic activation to para-toluenesulfonamide action in killing NSCLC. Similar in CRPC, para-toluenesulfonamide inhibited the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in NSCLC cell lines NCI-H460 and A549, leading to G1 arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Para-toluenesulfonamide significantly decreased the cholesterol levels of plasma membrane. External cholesterol supplement rescued para-toluenesulfonamide-mediated effects. Para-toluenesulfonamide induced a profound increase of LC3-II protein expression and a significant decrease of p62 expression. Double staining of lysosomes and cellular cholesterol showed para-toluenesulfonamide-induced lysosomal transportation of cholesterol, which was validated using flow cytometric analysis of lysosome staining. Moreover, autophagy inhibitors could blunt para-toluenesulfonamide-induced effect, indicating autophagy induction. In conclusion, the data suggest that para-toluenesulfonamide is an effective anticancer agent against NSCLC through G1 checkpoint arrest and apoptotic cell death. The disturbance of membrane cholesterol levels and autophagic activation may play a crucial role to para-toluenesulfonamide action. |
URI: | https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/634504 | ISSN: | 1420-3049 | DOI: | 10.3390/molecules26195967 |
Appears in Collections: | 藥學系 |
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