https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/85627
標題: | Using a soil quality index to assess the effects of applying swine manure compost on soil quality under a crop rotation system in Taiwan | 作者: | Liao, Chung-Min Chen, Szu-Chieh Chen, Jein-Wei ZUENG-SANG CHEN |
關鍵字: | ventilated airspace. In a ventilated airspace;Brownian and turbulent diffusion;sedimentation;and laminar as well as convective flow exist to varying degrees and lead to particle deposition onto walls and other sur-faces. Apart from deposition;independently measuring the penetration efficiencies of particles is very difficult. In our present study;we assumed that the;Cooking;Incense burning;Indoor sources;Lung;Particulate matter;Exposure;Cabbage (Brassica camperstris L.); Maize (Zea mays L.); Soil properties; Soil quality; Soil quality index model; Soil quality indicators; Swine manure compost | 公開日期: | 22-五月-2005 | 出版社: | Taipei:National Taiwan University Dept Chem Engn | 卷: | 358 | 期: | 84 | 起(迄)頁: | - | 來源出版物: | Science of the Total Environment | 摘要: | We investigated the effect of indoor sources including Chinese-style cooking, incense burning, cleaning, and people’s moving on indoor particle size distributions and concentrations and calculated the personal exposure dose rates in the human respiratory tract (HRT) using time-activity and indoor and outdoor particle size distribution data collected from a traditional Taiwanese residence in central Taiwan region. We applied a simple size-dependent indoor air quality model associated with a compartmental lung model to determine the source emission rates and exposure dose. Cooking and incense burning had sizeintegrated source emission rates of 0.042F0.024 (meanFS.D.) and 0.038F0.026 particles s 1, respectively. Cooking and incense burning were significant contributors to indoor particle levels for particle sizes from 0.5 to 5 Am in that the percent contributions to indoor concentrations were 0.334F0.02 and 0.267F0.035, respectively. Our results demonstrated that extrathoracic (ET) region had higher average PM mass lung/indoor ratio (0.77) than that of bronchial (BB) (0.52), bronchiolar (bb) (0.27) and alveolar-interstitial (AI) (0.14) regions from both cooking and incense burning events. The average integrated deposition dose rates (particles cm 2 h 1) of 24.11 in ET, 4.68 in BB, and 7.89 in bb were higher than that of 0.011 in AI for both cooking and incense burning events. This research illustrates that exposure assessment based on time-activity and real-time behavior of particle data can provide valuable information on the fate of indoor particles and hazard to human health. Soil quality indices (SQI) have been proposed in recent years as tools for assessing soil management practice effects on soil quality. In this paper, we report the result of our 4-year study on the use of a SQI to assess the effects of applying swine manure compost on soil quality. Cabbage (Brassica camperstris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) were grown in rotation in plots applied with low, medium, and high rates of swine manure compost while the control received only chemical fertilizers. Selected soil physical, chemical, and biological properties (bulk density, aggregate stability, organic carbon content, soil pH, available N, P, and K, extractable Cu and Zn, and microbial biomass), all of which were identified as possible soil quality indicators, were monitored at regular intervals. Tissues of harvested crops were analyzed for Cu and Zn concentrations because they were anticipated to increase due to the high amounts of the metals in the manure compost. A SQI model was derived based on Mausbach and Seybold's research and on our soil database and research experience in Taiwan. Data from our manure application experiment were used to calculate the SQI values for the different treatments. Results revealed that application of swine manure compost improved the soil quality of surface soil as indicated by increased values of soil quality indicators, SQI, and yields of the crops. In addition, Cu and Zn levels in the soil and in the crop tissues did not increase to harmful levels. Thus, it seems that the SQI was an effective tool to assess the effects of swine manure compost application on soil quality. The soil indicators we found effective included the monitored properties except for bulk density. All of these soil properties were significantly increased by manure compost application. Long-term application of 40-60 tons ha year of manure compost may improve the soil quality and increase the yield of the crops without polluting the soil and crops with Cu and Zn. Copyright © 2006 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. |
URI: | http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/2006111501254622 | 其他識別: | 246246/2006111501254622 | DOI: | 10.1097/01.ss.0000199700.78956.8c | SDG/關鍵字: | biomass; concentration (composition); crop rotation; harvesting; manure; organic carbon; soil chemistry; soil management; soil quality; Asia; Eurasia; Far East; Taiwan; Brassica; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Sus scrofa; Zea mays |
顯示於: | 生物環境系統工程學系 |
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