Abstract
摘要:畜牧業為了增加收益,常在有限的面積內密集飼養家畜禽,導致疾病的發生率較高,開發新式的飼料添加物有助於改善畜禽健康。北蟲草(Cordyceps militaris)已被開發利用子實體栽培方式大量生產,其主要及特殊活性成份蟲草素(cordycepin) 被發現具有抗癌、抗菌、抗病毒等生理活性;然而經萃取蟲草素後所剩下的殘渣雖仍含有其它活性物質如:多醣、寡胜肽及類三萜類、核甘酸等,其成分和功效需要加以研究與應用。這些萃取殘渣數量龐大,丟棄可惜,故可嘗試開發為高價值而具有促進動物健康的飼料添加物。北蟲草雖被認為具有護肝功效,但其活性成份一直不清楚,尤其經蟲草素萃取後所得的北蟲草子實體殘渣之護肝活性仍需被研究開發。此外,靈芝過去亦被認為有抗氧化、改善肝疾及調節腸道微生物菌相的功能。本研究將藉由飼料中添加蟲草副產物和此等活性物質來提升雞隻飼養時之扺抗疾病能力、抗病毒能力、改善腸道微生物及促進生產機能蛋的功能。在子計畫一中將鑑定功能成分、釐清其分子作用機制與複方組合;子計畫二和三則深入研究其應用。我們的前期計畫研究證實飼糧中添加蟲草可以改變動物的碳水化合物和脂肪代謝,促進健康;我們也成功建立兩種雞隻脂肪肝研究模式,此等研究成果可以供本計畫利用。我們並與三個公司合作,由其分別提供蟲草副產物、靈芝與牛樟芝(Taiwanofungus camphorates)等產品用於改善雞隻出血性脂肪肝及抗病毒的功能,並深入研究其對腸道菌相的影響,以及其具有生物活性之關鍵功效成分,以找出更有益雞隻健康的配方組成。整體計畫將從鑑定活性成分、建立細胞試驗功能成分快篩、並利用蛋雞及土雞試驗測試蟲草副產物與靈芝產品的活體功能,包括抗氧化、免疫力調節、抗病毒、改善腸道微生物菌相、減少脂肪肝,以及生產機能蛋等。若能將蟲草副產物與靈芝等產品應用於在提升雞隻免疫、抗病或令其更能適應環境變化,將有助於提升機能蛋生產、減少疾病損失。此外,飲食(酒精、高油脂高糖)引起的脂肪肝一直被視為國病,故本研究計畫成果除可產出可供商品化的飼料添加物配方,亦可提供健康食品開發的參考。
Abstract: Raising as many animals in a restricted area is a common practice to earn more profit in Taiwan. It creates a higher possibility for disease to occur. Therefore, development of dietary premix to promote immunomodulatory capability in coping with diseases is very valuable. The fruit body of Cordyceps militaris) is a mass production practice for human consumption because it contains cordycepin, an anti-cancer, antibiotic and anti-virus properties. When the cordyceptin is extracted from the Cordyceps, the byproduct is discarded even though there are still functioning components, oligo peptides, polysaccharides, and adenosine. The enormous amounts of byproducts, when utilized in a right way it can generate great value, is wasted. These byproducts can be used as additives for animal feed. Even though Cordyceps can be hepatoprotective, no scientific proves have been provided. The Ganoderma lucidum has been proved to be an antioxidant with ability to help with liver diseases and improve microbial flora in the gut. This study is designed to develop dietary premix with residues of Cordyceps militaris extracts to promote immunomodulatory capability in coping with hemorrhagic fatty liver syndrome and production of functional eggs. In the first project, we will identify the functional ingredients and work on clarifying its working mechanism. In the second and third project, we will work on the application of these by products. Recently, we have demonstrated adding Cordyceps militaris extracts in the diet for animals can improve their ability in utilizing carbohydrates and lipids. We have established two chicken models for fatty liver research. We will collaborate with two companies who provide us with free byproducts of residues from Cordyceps militaris extracts and Ganoderma lucidum powder for improving the fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome of laying hens and producing functional eggs for greater market value. We will also study the effect of these functional ingredients on the microflora of the treated chickens. The formula of premix for feed additives will be tested for its functionality in two chicken models. Our overall goal starts with the verification of the functional components of these ingredients, using cell culture for fast screening and animal studies to demonstrate their function in anti-inflammation, improvement of disease resistance and gut microflora changes for better health, especially, reduction of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome. Besides for better feed additives for egg production and functional eggs, our finding can also be used to cope with dietary induced fatty liver and therefore promote human health.
Keyword(s)
北蟲草
靈芝
牛樟芝
出血性脂肪肝
飼料添加物
Cordyceps militaris
Ganoderma lucidum
Taiwanofungus camphorates
fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome
feed additives