Abstract
摘要：由於全球氣候變遷，水資源短缺相關之議題近年來頻頻受到關注，而台灣原本即缺乏自然水資源，更應思考相關對策。為因應水資源不足的問題，許多城市地區已開始廣泛使用再生水資源，而污水處理廠在提供再生水的過程中是為淨化原廢水並保 持環境水資源品質的重要單元。然而，原廢水組成的成份複雜，通常也是病原體的載體，且由於國人不當的用藥行為，導致在台灣的原廢水中可以檢測到相對較高濃度的藥物含量。在廢水處理過程及再利用的過程中，氣液交換可能會將病原體和藥 物新興污染物作為細及超細懸浮微粒污染物傳播到空氣中。這些微粒隨後可隨空氣傳播到各地，需仔細評估吸入暴露的潛在風險。此外，儘管已有研究在都市污水處理廠的廢水中發現抗生素抗藥細菌(ARB)和抗藥基因(ARG)，但對於ARG和ARB逸 散至空氣中的過程與風險仍屬未知。因此，本研究將在台灣北部的污水處理廠的曝氣池區域進行空氣中懸浮微粒之即時測量，將會是目前第一份藉由紫外線氣動粒徑分析儀(Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, UV-APS TSI 3314) 及掃瞄式電移動度粒徑分析儀(Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMPS TSI 3936) 完整呈現台灣污水處理廠逸散的氣膠和生物氣膠之粒徑分布特徵的研究。並同時將利用高流量採樣器 (High Volume Air Sampler) 收集空氣樣品並進行化學成分，藉以了解空氣中新興污染物、ARG和ARB之流佈及演變。此外，為更精準評估空氣中懸浮微粒的暴露風險，本研究將整合氣膠採樣器(Liquid Spot Sampler，LSS)與自動分析DTT活性程序，以開發即時監測氣膠中活性氧化物質(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)之氧化潛勢(Oxidation Potential, OP)的系統。結果將可為吸入暴露於空氣中 的新興污染物，ARG和ARB的風險評估提供基礎。
Abstract: Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant (UWTP) is a crucial facility of maintaining the quality of natural water resources, and it is increasingly important for developing alternative urban water sources through reuse practice. However, air-liquid exchange during the wastewater treatment process could spread pathogens and pharmaceutical emerging pollutants into the air as aerosol particles in an UWTPs. These particles can later be transported to places where such pollution is unforeseen and the potential risk of inhalation exposure should be carefully evaluated. Secondly, in response to the presence of antibiotics in the wastewater, the bacterial generation could be stimulated to evolve with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Although antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and ARG have been found in the water sampled in UWTPs, up to now there is no published research on exploring the ARG and ARB in air samples. Therefore, in sum, biological characteristics as well as chemical compositions of airborne particles generated by UWTPs need to be examined and investigated simultaneously. In this study, measurements will be conducted in the aeration area of a UWTP in northern Taiwan. Moreover, common emerging contaminants will be analyzed in both air and water samples. In addition, to assess the exposure risk of bioaerosols, an online instrument for the near real-time measurement of aerosol OP with an hourly resolution will be developed and field-tested. The instrument is based on coupling an automated analytical system for DTT activity determination to Liquid Spot Sampler (LSS) to collect PM suspension in water. Results will provide a basis for assessing the risk of inhalation exposure to airborne emerging contaminants, ARGs and ARB.
Keyword(s)
抗生素抗藥細菌
抗生素抗藥基因
新興污染物
都市污水處理廠
生物氣膠
活 性氧化物質
Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs)
Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (ARB)
Emerging Pollutants
Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant (UWTP)
Bioaerosol
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
