建立稻田之雜草型紅米化學管理策略

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Project title/計畫英文名

建立稻田之雜草型紅米化學管理策略

Project Number/計畫編號

109農科-1.1.5-科-a1

Translated Name/計畫中文名

建立稻田之雜草型紅米化學管理策略

Project Principal Investigator/計畫主持人

YUNG-FEN HUANG

Funding Organization

Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan

Start date/計畫起

01-04-2020

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-12-2020

摘要：雜草稻，又名雜草型紅米，是近年來全球水稻生產區的產量減損重要因子。臺灣近年來紅米發生率亦漸次攀升，且最新數據指出紅米混雜率略為上升之田區將造成稻米碾白率及完整米率大幅下降，進而使農民收益減損。雜草稻與栽培稻同屬同種（Oryza sativa L.），但落粒性高、種子具高度休眠性、土壤中存留壽命長，易被保存於土壤中形成自生苗；又因其萌芽出土迅速、光合作用效率強，在時間與空間上較栽培稻具競爭養分的能力。雜草稻之外觀與一般栽培水稻相仿使其難以防治；目前雜草稻化學防治效果未明，僅能提供物理防治策略，無法有效且全面地防治土壤種子庫內自生苗的發生。因此，本計畫擬透過系統化剖析雜草型紅米對目前水田慣用除草劑的耐受性，並以分子標誌檢驗臺灣雜草型紅米是否帶有已知除草劑抗性基因並搭配對應除草劑進行基因功能驗證，配合並探討慣用除草劑在期作間溫度差異下的防除效應，以期提供最佳化雜草型紅米化學防治策略之基礎資料，緩解草害在不同期作環境下對於稻作產業衝擊，並優化防治時期與精準用量，以有效促成十年農藥減半之施政目標。
Abstract: Weedy rice, also known as weedy red rice, is an important factor causing yield loss in rice production areas worldwide. The incidence of weedy rice in Taiwan has also gradually increased in recent years. Based on the latest local data, a slight increase in infestation rate in the field would cause pronounced decrease in milling recovery rate and head rice rate, which would subsequently lower farmers` income. Weedy rice and cultivated rice belong to the same species (Oryza sativa L.), but showing high seed shattering, high dormancy and longevity in the soil. It can remain in the soil and form spontaneous seedlings. Weedy rice emerges quickly from the soil and has high photosynthesis efficiency, therefore it is highly competitive for nutrients in time and space, compared to cultivated rice. The appearance of weed rice is similar to that of cultivated rice, which makes its management difficult. At present, the effect of chemical control on weedy rice is unknown and we can only advise farmers to apply physical control strategies which cannot reach an effective an thorough management of spontaneous seedlings in the soil seed banks. Therefore, the present project aims to systematically analyze the reaction of weedy rice after applications of common herbicides in paddy fields, to screen for the known herbicide resistant/sensitive alleles within the weedy rice germplasm in Taiwan and confirm the molecular result with herbicide treatment, and to test the herbicide treatment under two cropping seasons of different temperature profile. The results will provide basic information for optimizing the chemical control strategies for weedy rice, consequently mitigate weed damage under different cropping seasons and optimize the herbicide dosage, in order to reach the policy goal of halving pesticides in ten years.

Keyword(s)

雜草型紅米
除草劑
除草劑耐藥性
雜草管理策略
Weedy rice
Herbicide
Herbicide tolerance
Weed management strategy

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建立稻田之雜草型紅米化學管理策略

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