氣候變遷所造成的衝擊,如暴雨、洪災、乾旱、海平面上升、冰山溶解、及劇烈氣旋等,隨著次數增加、頻率變高以及波動幅度變大,在臺灣已越來越受到民眾的重視。對於災害的侵襲,除了制訂災防計劃以外,地方組織更必須了解所處社區在產業、經濟、防災、軟硬體等的發展狀況並擬定相關調適策略。在此中,韌性概念的引入至關重要。韌性涵蓋了調適能力、回復能力、永續發展、轉換能力等多元概念。本研究秉持Holling (1973) 與Gunderson and Holling (2002) 對於韌性的全觀定義,取其考量複雜系統多元面向的精神,對目標社區進行考察。建立以社區為本的社區韌性指標,將得以使民眾更容易了解居住環境的現況,從而進行韌性提升之行動。方法上,本研究將利用參與式社區調查的架構,藉由深入目標社區,實際了解並取得社區發展中重要利害關係人以及一般居民對於發展、韌性、氣候變遷議題之認知與感受到的影響。同時,以質性與量化並重的方式,包含深度訪談、辦理焦點團體座談會,以及發放問卷,加上次級資料的取用,從而建立社區韌性指標以及主觀韌性指標。在取得上述成果後,本計畫將在期中後透過辦理參與式研究工作坊,將研究成果分享給社區居民,本團隊將與社區居民共同研擬面對不同風險與災害時,一般化或特定的調適策略。最後,本團隊在工作坊中所使用不同的溝通策略經驗,將整理為風險與韌性建立溝通之具體策略建議。
本計畫的結果將有利於目標社區了解其發展現況,同時能透過居民意見,了解外部單位,包含政府機關,與社區進行溝通時有效的方式。本研究為國內少數以一般韌性概念,意圖全盤了解社區韌性的組成與影響因素;而非由防災與脆弱度檢視的角度進行韌性考察之研究。同時,藉由主觀韌性指標的考察和客觀韌性指標的建立,本研究亦能對社區發展實務提出具體的建言。本研究預期能與國際主流之韌性研究接軌,藉由深入了解地方議題,發掘具社區發展與韌性建立實務應用上,一般性的策略與方法。因此,本研究無論在學術上與實務上,均有創新且具重要性,並能作為發展社區韌性以及氣候變遷議題調適策略的基石。
The influences of climate change, such as increasing rainfall intensity, floods, droughts, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and storms or typhoons, are increasing in intensity, magnitude, as well as in frequency. In Taiwan, concerns about such impacts are getting more attention from the public. With regards to these crises, besides setting up a crisis-preventing plan, local organizations must understand the current developing status of industries, economics, disaster prevention, infrastructures, and other aspects within communities, such that further adaptation strategies can be designed and adopted. The concept of resilience plays an important role within this context. Resilience is a broad and panoramic view consisting of adaptative capability, recoverability, sustainability, and transformability. This research conducts investigations on the target community by incorporating the definition of resilience proposed by Holling (1973) and the contexts in Gunderson and Holling (2002), taking advantage of the idea to deal with complex systems. The main goal is to create a community-based resilience index. The results can serve as a pathway for residents to understand the status of the surrounding environment, and take actions to raise resilience.
Methodologically speaking, the study utilizes the participatory community research (PCR) method. PCR can discover more fundamental issues about climate change, resilience, and community development underlying in daily life, as well as recognize the understanding of such issues of stakeholders. By employing both qualitative and quantitative research methods, including focus group discussions, interviews, and conducting a survey, with the resources of secondary data, the current study can construct both a resilience index and a subjective resilience index. With the constructed resilience index and a specific result of the target communities, the project hosts PCR workshops inviting residents to participate. The goal of the PCR workshops is to propose adaptative strategies to the varieties of risks and crises based on the resilience index. The process of communication will also be recorded as a piece of concrete communicating advice.
The results of the study can facilitate the residents’ understanding of the status of development by and large. In the meantime, the exterior agencies, such as local government, can be benefited from a more efficient communicating strategy. This study is different from the strands of resilience research in Taiwan by a more panoramic viewpoint, which benefits residents, development practitioners, and scholars to understand the factors and influences of resilience. The study can also link the Taiwan experience with international resilience study, moreover, it can be a keystone in building community resilience.