Abstract
摘要:過去運輸研究領域較重視經濟與環境面向,使社會面向的研究成果在廣度與深度上相對不足,近幾年運輸領域之社會公平議題在國際上廣被討論,社會排除是其中較受注意的議題之一。運輸領域的社會排除議題,強調弱勢族群會因運輸機動性或可及性的弱勢而跳脫不出既有的弱勢,探討運輸系統如何造成此問題以及如何解決此問題。我國21世紀議程雖將社會公平列為永續發展目標,但國內過去進行都市規劃時甚少考量弱勢族群的需要,而運輸相關文獻與實證研究的對象亦多為一般成年人。申請人承蒙國科會補助,已在專題計畫「土地使用與交通運輸之環境正義研究:兒童、高齡者與低收入者(NSC96-2628-H-305-001-MY3)」中,於民國96年8月到99年7月間進行三種弱勢族群的三年期研究。在計畫執行過程中,陸續發現一些與鄉村地區可及性研究有關的議題值得繼續探究,因此本計畫擬延續前期計畫的研究工作,再以三年時間逐次探討鄉村地區三種弱勢族群的三種可及性議題,分別是:原住民就業、國中生就學與高齡者就醫。第一年度研究議題為「工作可及性對鄉村原住民就業之影響」,目的為實證分析工作可及性對於原鄉原住民就業的影響,並以前期研究成果為基礎,比較工作可及性對原鄉與都市原住民就業影響的差異,同時根據實證結果的發現,以促進原鄉原住民就業為目標,研提原鄉發展之土地使用、交通運輸與產業規劃的發展策略。第二年度研究議題為「學校可及性對鄉村國中生學習表現之影響」,目的在實證分析偏遠地區學校可及性對國中生學習表現的影響,並以前期研究成果為基礎,比較學校可及性對偏遠地區國小與國中學童學習表現影響的差異,同時根據實證結果的發現,以促進偏遠地區國中生學習表現為目標,研提土地使用、交通運輸與學校經營的發展策略。第三年度研究議題為「醫院可及性對鄉村高齡者健康之影響」,目的為實證分析偏遠地區醫院可及性對高齡者健康之影響,並根據實證結果的發現,以改善偏遠地區高齡者醫療服務與健康促進為目標,研提土地使用、交通運輸與醫療資源的發展策略。另外,在研究資源與時間許可情形下,三年研究過程中將會針對偏遠地區的其它弱勢族群與可及性議題進行研究。
Abstract: Most of the previous transportation researches focused on economic and environmental issues and hence made insufficient comprehensiveness and deepness of social issues. Therefore, the social equity of transportation is being widely explored in these years. Social exclusion study is one of the essential issues in transport sociology. It concerns disadvantaged minorities’ problems caused from lacking, or could be fixed by improving, transport accessibility and mobility. Although social equity had been one of the sustainable development goals in Taiwan’s 21 Agenda, disadvantaged minorities were seldom considered in urban planning and transportation studies. According to the financial support from the National Science Council (project: land use and transportation studies for environmental justice: children, elders and low-income households, code: NSC96-2628-H-305-001-MY3), I have explored some social exclusion issues for children, elders and low-income households between August, 2007 and July, 2009 and found some accessibility issues in rural areas being worthy of further studies. This study aims at continuously exploring social exclusion issues in rural areas on the accessibility of employment, school and hospital. The first year will study the job accessibility impacts on Taiwanese aborigines’ employments in the aboriginal areas. The impact differences between aborigines in aboriginal areas and urban areas will be explored. Based on the empirical findings and the goal of improving aboriginal employment, the strategies of land use, transportation and industrial development will be recommended. The second year will study the school accessibility impacts on learning performances of junior high school students in rural areas. The impact differences between students of elementary school and junior high school in rural areas will be studied. Based on the empirical findings and the goal of elevating learning performances, the strategies of land use, transportation and education development will be recommended. The third year will study the health care accessibility impacts on elders’ health situations in rural areas. Based on the empirical findings and the goal of improving health situations, the strategies of land use, transportation and health care resources development will be recommended. Additionally, further essential issues about minorities and accessibility in rural areas will be studied in the following three years based on the availability of research time and resources.
Keyword(s)
土地使用
運輸
社會排除
鄉村地區
可及性
就業
就學
就醫
land use
transportation
social exclusion
rural area
accessibility
employment
school
health care