Abstract
摘要:本計畫期搭配三大法人之5G行動通訊前瞻計畫中所發展之系統平台,以天線應用為核心發展前瞻技術,天線技術之規格需求以法人計畫中所規劃為依循規範,其變動亦然,相關技術將應用於行動通訊之MIMO或波束切換之使用。本計畫尤針對陣列天線之技術與其應用於基地站天線之技術進行研發,故依據實務需求,此陣列天線必須能實現電磁場極化分集(Polarization Diversity)、空間分集(Space Diversity)及波束分集(Beam Diversity)等基地站天線應用之基本功能,是故天線必須具備多重輸出/入阜之系統結構。因應行動通訊之運作系由各營運商分段標取來營運,故為求基地站共構之需求,天線發展除了追求寬頻外,亦需要具備同組天線分頻段來建構波束成型之機制,使得在細胞規劃時可依各營運商之需求進行獨立規劃部件之彈性,因此由基地站天線之技術而言,其技術深度更甚於一般消費性產品之天線。
本計畫由此基地站天線應用為核心,規劃了相關技術研究,包括了寬頻天線結構、多頻段、多輸出入阜、多極化等功能操作需求之陣列天線布局;波束成形之射頻模組開發與多極化、頻段共用天線等需求之射頻技術,重點在於實現動態之天線應用;多輸出/入阜間(包括實現各種上述Diversity)之隔離問題,及其衍生EMC/EMI之相關防治技術;更進一步發展理論技術,用於估測天線在毫米波下之傳播問題,此技術可用於估測電波熱點(Hot Spot)之相互干擾情形,以幾何繞射理論來克服傳統低頻數值理論無法模擬得窘境,待此技術完成後將會進一步應用發展大型陣列的數值技術。由於在毫米波頻段基地站天線與使用者終端均須使用陣列天線來產生足夠之天線增益,並產生窄波束,故本計畫亦將發展天線間相互定位之技術,來使波束間即時對準匹配。相關計畫由四個子計畫分三年來實施,由元智高增益天線技術團隊來實施。在本計畫規劃時我們亦同步建構上中下游之技術發展鏈結,協助三大法人建構完整之技術發展範疇。
Abstract: The three major research institutes of Taiwan have initiated the research projects to establish the platform that may be used to develop the related technologies of future mobile communications. To further explore the depth of the technologies derived from this platform, we propose to investigate the potential antenna technologies with a focus on their applications in the design of base station antennas. Thus the specifications of the antenna technologies follow the ones regulated in the platform projects. In addition, these base station antennas are required to realize the functionality of polarization diversity, space diversity and angular beam diversity, which are required in the MIMO applications and as well as the dynamic operations. Thus the researches will focus on the use of phased array antennas to realize these functionality. In addition, to fulfill the practical uses in the realistic commercial operations, where the designated band is subdivided and bid for different operators, the antennas are required not only to operate with broad bandwidths, but also to operate with multi-bands. Thus the antenna sets are required to equip with multi-ports that are used to realize the functionality of polarization, space and angular beam diversities, and also the multiple operational bands.
The researches are planned and organized into four sub-projects. Sub-project one focuses on the development of broad band antenna elements that forms two ports of two orthogonal polarizations. These antenna elements will be used to form the antenna arrays that have the functionality of polarization diversity, space diversity and angular diversity, and also different band operations for different operators to use the co-constructed antenna sets. Do to the existence of multi-ports, isolation and EMC/EMI issues have be of major concerns. Technologies to resolve these problems are severely needed, which are not sufficiently investigated in the domestic society because of the industrial orientations in the past to focus on the handset antennas. Technology depths are expected, and will be investigated in sub-project two. The RF circuits and modules will be investigated in sub-project three. In the past, the RF studies have been focused on the realization of RF components. The realizations of these diversity functionalities in the system aspects have not been well developed. These RF techniques are expected to be very crucial in the success of the mmwave technology in the practical applications. The goal is to realize the dynamic uses of the antennas in the communication systems. Also in the mmwave, the bottlenecks are the multi-path effects and also the gain insufficiency. It is noted that in mmwave both the base station antennas and user equipment antennas are both required to provide directive radiation to supply the sufficient gains. Thus it is very difficult for both pencil beams to match their directions simultaneously since the UE is assumed to be moving. The severely short distance of wavelength will make the communication very difficult because by just moving a few millimeter will make the connection disconnected. Thus in the researches, we also plan to develop theoretical and numerical techniques that may help to predict the multi-path effects, and also help to establish the algorithms for both antennas to determinate their mutual locations. This location estimation will reduce the computational load in the communications.
The researches will be conducted by YZU high-gain antenna development team. The research works will be conducted in a three year term. In addition, we will help the platform projects (conducted by the three major research institutes) to build a technology chains and extend the scope of the technology layout
Keyword(s)
基地站天線
第五代行動通訊
天線多工分集
多波束覆蓋
Base Station Antenna
5th Generation of Mobile Communications
Antenna Diversity
Multi-beam Coverage