摘要:本計畫擬建立一套燃料電池混合電力模擬系統,進行客製化混合電力系統設計,以節省開發時程並進行系統最佳化。混合電力模擬系統包括燃料電池、太陽能電池、二次電池、及化學產氫,本計畫將整合各子系統,建立一套混合電力模型,並以實驗數據修正模型參數,再利用此模型估測大型電力系統運作情況,並且定義目標函數進行最佳系統設計。
燃料電池具有高能量轉換效率及零汙染等優點,其基本運作原理為利用氫氧反應產生電能和水,我們從控制的角度出發,可以將其視為線性非時變系統,而將其非線性特性當作系統不確定性,並以先進控制理論增進其系統效能。太陽能電池可以利用太陽光直接發電,在陽光充足時提供輔助電力,減少燃料電池負載需求,亦可將多餘能量儲存在二次電池內,降低系統操作成本及燃料電池操作時間。二次電池是一種儲能元件,可以調節變動性負載,我們預計採用並聯式電力鏈架構,結合燃料電池及太陽能電池,以維持輸出電力的穩定。氫氣的供應及儲存問題,是燃料電池技術發展的一個瓶頸,而硼氫化鈉的能量密度則能達到23,000gH2/L,適合發展各種負載的客制化系統,以減少氫氣攜帶的不便,所以本計畫將採取硼氫化鈉化學產氫供應混合電力系統燃料,並將進一步研究產氫系統的動態特性,以提高產氫效率及安全性。因為燃料電池應用廣泛,常需針對不同系統需求調整元件及對應之電力管理策略,所以我們擬利用Matlab SimPowerSystemsTM建立的燃料電池混合電力系統模型,以降低系統開發時程及反覆實驗驗證。
我們將與國內知名燃料電池系統整合廠–美菲德公司進行合作,計畫成果將可直接應用於其產品,協助全世界客戶開發客製化燃料電池混合電力系統。未來可進一步整合其他能源,例如水力及風力,進行系統模型之擴充及分析。
Abstract: This project proposes a simulation model for hybrid fuel-cell power systems. The developed model can be applied for building customized hybrid system, to shorten the developing time and optimize the system components. The proposed hybrid system consists of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), solar cells, secondary battery, and chemical hydride. We will apply Matlab SimPowerSystemsTM to integrate these subsystems, and adjust the model parameters by experimental data. The developed model can then be used to predict the responses of large power systems, and to optimize component design based on emphasized cost functions.
PEMFC can utilize hydrogen and oxygen to provide electricity and water. Therefore, from the system point of view, we can regard PEMFC as a linear model with uncertainties, and apply robust control techniques to cope with these uncertainties and to improve system performance. The solar cells can transfer solar power into electricity. Therefore, we can implement solar cells to provide auxiliary power to the hybride system. The secondary battery can be used as a buffer between the energy sources and loads. We plan a parallel power train that allows the battery to provide power when the load is high, and to store energy when the load is low. The hydrogen supply play an important role in developing fuel-cell technologies. Considering the energy densities, we will build a chemical hydride system that can use sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to produce the required hydrogen for the system. We will further analysis the hydrogen production dynamics to improve the hydrogen efficiency and system safety. We will use Matlab SimPowerSystemsTM to develop a simulation model that consists of the aforementioned subsystems, and tune the components parameters to by experimental data. Therefore, the developed model can be used to predict the responses of large power systems, and to help developing customized hybrid PEMFC power systems.
This project will collaborate with a domestic fuel-cell system integration company, M-Field. M-Field has helped provide electricity for 2010 Taipei International Flora Expo, and has designed customized hybrid PEMFC power systems for international companies. However, they usually applied over-designed components for guaranteeing system sustainability. Therefore, we will develop a simulation model for hybrid PEMFC power systems, which can help developing customized systems and optimizing system components. The developed simulation model can be further developed to include other energy sources, such as wind power and geothermal energy, in the future.