摘要:近年來,氣候變遷大幅增加天然災害頻率,對淨水場的營運帶來潛在的威脅與額外的負擔,因此,建構綠色淨水場因應天然災害的調適計畫是十分重要的。為此,本計畫將蒐研世界各淨水場因應天然災害調適的案例,評析這些管理技術的成功經驗;同時盤查國內淨水場的備援效能,並評估天然災害對國內淨水場處理效能的影響。以國外成功經驗與國內備援能力為基礎,研擬因應天然災害的調適計畫,並建立短中長期的調適行動方案與防災規劃、監測預警與績效評估指標。本研究的成果對於國內淨水場因應天然災害管理問題能力的提升,及對策的建立有立即的幫助。
本研究蒐集先進國家因應天然災害調適的案例包含:美國、日本、新加坡、韓國等先進國家之淨水場因應天然災害調適的案例相關經驗,進行綜合分析探討各國值得借鏡之理念與作為。本研究淨水場挑選原則包括:(1)災害模式 (2)淨水場服務規模 (3)地域性,挑選五個具代表性的淨水場,包括 (1)直潭淨水場 (2) 豐原淨水場 (3)雲林淨水場 (4)嘉義公園淨水場 與(5)高雄淨水場,藉由分析其現況問題與風險評估,彙整出我國淨水場五大關鍵議題有:1. 颱風造成淨水場單元操作效能不彰以致提髙運作風險;2. 暴雨逕流與暴雨引發土砂崩塌災害,造成淨水場處理原水濁度增加3. 暴雨與乾旱造成水資源短缺與水量可利用變異性加大;4. 地震頻繁、地質脆弱導致淨水場操作單元設施損傷;5. 建立中央與地區資訊平臺,共享各地區資料庫與計畫經驗。
本計畫初步研擬相對應之五大策略:一、檢討修訂既有法令規範,設置多重屏障措施;二、加強水源保護與集水區管理,維持供水質量之穩定性;三、提升淨水場人力素質及技術,加強緊急應變與復建計畫訓練;四、建立設施安全性風險評估機制,發展水量水質監測預警系統;五、建立政府與相關利益團體的溝通協調合作機制,強化監督管理體系。建構之評估體系對應五大策略,其中包括:一、防災調適法規、緊急應變措施、設施維護管理;二、水源水質潔淨、生態環境保育、綜合水源管理;三、操作管理成效、維護管理成效、水質管理成效;四、風險評估管理、管網監測操作、監測預警系統;五、資訊平台建置、防災調適策略、綜合管理成效。
Abstract: In recent years, the natural disasters and climate change were frequency substantial increased. The operations of water treatment plant are facing potential threat and an additional burden. Therefore, the construction of green water treatment plant in response to natural disasters plan is very important. This study is regarding the adaptation plan for water treatment plant to natural disasters prevention plan, policy and recovery plans for case study and experiences. Also, the recovering efficiency analysis are developing to assess the water treatment plant affect the performance of the natural disaster factor and the key issues for water treatment plant. Finally, The disaster planning, monitoring and early warning system and key performance evaluation index system for water treatment plant were also investigated.
The case studies and experiences were collected for the advanced countries response to natural disasters for water treatment plant. The four countries, United States, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, conduct a comprehensive analysis and ideas in the natural disaster of water treatment plant.
In this study, the selection principles of five water treatment plants include: (1) disaster mode (2) the serving sizes water purification plant (3) regional. The five water treatment plants including (1) Zhitan Water Treatment Plant, (2) Fengyuan Water Treatment Plant, (3) Yunlin Water Treatment Plant, (4) Chiayi Park Water Treatment Plant, (5) Kaohsiung Water Treatment Plant to analyze the current situation and problems of risk assessment. The aggregate of the five key issues of water treatment plants are (1) the water treatment plant unit operating performance have been cause in typhoon season; (2) the storm runoff and heavy rains caused the collapse of earth and sand disasters for causing raw water turbidity in water treatment plant working process, (3) the increased rain and water shortages problems caused by drought; (4) the earthquake resulting in fragile geology water purification plant facilities operating unit damage, (5) to establish the central and regional information platform to share the experience in all areas.
The preliminary plan elaboration corresponds to the five major strategies are (1) to review and revised the decree specifications, to set the multiple barriers measures, (2) to strength the water conservation and the watershed management, to maintain the stability of the water quality, (3) to enhance the water purification plant quality of manpower and technology, to strengthen emergency and rehabilitation program training, (4) to establish the facilities security risk assessment mechanism, to develop the water quality monitoring and pre-warning system, (5) to establish communication and coordination mechanisms for cooperation between the government and stockholders, to strengthen supervision and management system. The evaluation system construction of the corresponding five strategies are including (1) disaster prevention and adaptation regulations, contingency measures, facility maintenance and management; (2) the clean water, environmental conservation, integrated water management; (3) the operation management effectiveness, maintenance and management effectiveness, quality management effectiveness; (4) the risk assessment management, network monitoring operation, monitoring and early warning systems; (5) to build information platform, the disaster prevention and adaptation strategies, and the integrated management effectiveness.