摘要：大陸島嶼沿岸海域一直是擁有最富有自然及經濟資源之區域，這些區域包括台灣、日本、亞洲附近海域、美國西岸等等，這些區域同時也比內陸區更容易遭受氣候變遷之影響，然而現今的大尺度大氣海洋環流模式完全缺乏對於沿岸區域動力以及海氣陸交互作用之描述，像是複雜沿岸風場、層雲結構以及各種沿岸地形交互作用之間的關係都無法精確的描繪，若能夠更準確模擬這區域的動力過程便能夠有效增進模式預測氣候變遷或天氣預報的準確度，所以發展高解析度沿海動力過程便是重要且獨特的研究課題。
我們計劃偶合一個我們已有之海洋模式與Berkeley 區域氣候系統模式，藉由此偶合模式之發展更深入了解湧升流、陸棚生物區、海陸交互作用等等彼此之間關係，並與觀測資料、其他海洋模式比對驗證，增進沿岸海域動力以及海洋大氣能量交換過程之了解，期望所建立之多重網格、高效能的北太平洋區域海洋大氣偶合模式能精確模擬多尺度海洋動力、沿岸動力地形影響。主要研究目的為1)建構一區域性海氣陸全面偶合模式；2)多方面與實測資料、其他模式比較評估此偶合模式效能；3) 探討海氣界面交互作用與沿岸動力湧升流之機制；4) 分析沿海區域陸氣之間、海洋生地化以及海陸交互作用之關係。最後我們期待所建立的第一套多尺度高解析度全面偶合模式能夠準確預測沿岸海洋動力機制以及海陸氣交互作用，增進我們對區域氣候變遷之了解，期待在計畫期限內能夠追上歐美日各國在偶合模式之研究方向。
Abstract: Coastal margins are one of the planet’s greatest natural resources, economic assets, and location of the majority of life, including human populations. These areas include the open ocean in the vicinity of Taiwan, Japan, east coast of China, west coast of the US and others. Yet coastal margins are at the greatest risk due to climate change. Current state-of-the-art Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) lack sufficient process-level descriptions to adequately capture coastal margin and land-sea interactions. It is postulated that this is associated with the surface wind stress, stratus cloudiness, and additional coastal processes not represented in AOGCMs. Furthermore, it is recognized that AOGCMs do not capture land-sea transition gradients and have a temperature bias due to a lack of detail and model resolution. Better representation of these processes at high resolution will significantly improve the model accuracy for long-term climate change and weather forecast research. Thus, advancing and implementing near-shore processes at high resolution with improved descriptions are extremely important.
We propose to couple a basin-scale Coastal Ocean Circulation Model (COCM) with Berkeley’s Regional Climate System Model (RCSM) along several coastal zones for a better understanding of upwelling, continental shelf zone bioproductivity, and land-sea interactions through improved model development, parameterization, and validation against quantitative representations of historical data. These implementations will shed new light on important near-shore and coastal interface processes. A major component of this proposal is to develop computationally efficient, multi-scale simulations for North Pacific Ocean (NPO), targeting highly resolved coastal processes. We expect to make considerable advances in the evaluation of coastal processes and grid coupling, expecting that this will spur further refinement of our regional models. With this multiple grids approach, we expect to span a wider range of scales using scalable coastal refinement, which is inexpensive and more accurate.
The main objectives of this proposal are to (1) build upon a regional scale fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-land model development (COCM-RCSM) and analysis, (2) carefully evaluate the coupled model performance with observations and other standalone models, (3) investigate the surface conditions on the ocean upwelling and its associated coastal dynamics, and (4) develop a new level of coastal margin and land-sea interface analysis. Results will lead to the implementation of a coupled atmosphere-land-ocean model and advances in assessing climate response along coastal zones, ocean biogeochemistry, land-sea interaction and surface heating impacts.
