Enhanced Efficiency of Hot-Cast Large-Area Planar Perovskite Solar Cells/Modules Having Controlled Chloride Incorporation
Journal
Advanced Energy Materials
Journal Volume
7
Journal Issue
8
Date Issued
2017
Author(s)
Liao, H.-C.
Guo, P.
Hsu, C.-P.
Lin, M.
Wang, B.
Zeng, L.
Huang, W.
Soe, C.M.M.
Su, W.-F.
Bedzyk, M.J.
Wasielewski, M.R.
Facchetti, A.
Chang, R.P.H.
Kanatzidis, M.G.
Marks, T.J.
Abstract
Organic–inorganic perovskite photovoltaics are an emerging solar technology. Developing materials and processing techniques that can be implemented in large-scale manufacturing is extremely important for realizing the potential of commercialization. Here we report a hot-casting process with controlled Cl− incorporation which enables high stability and high power-conversion-efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.2% for small area (0.09 cm2) and 15.4% for large-area (≈1 cm2) single solar cells. The enhanced performance versus tri-iodide perovskites can be ascribed to longer carrier diffusion lengths, improved uniformity of the perovskite film morphology, favorable perovskite crystallite orientation, a halide concentration gradient in the perovskite film, and reduced recombination by introducing Cl−. Additionally, Cl− improves the device stability by passivating the reaction between I− and the silver electrode. High-quality thin films deployed over a large-area 5 cm × 5 cm eight-cell module have been fabricated and exhibit an active-area PCE of 12.0%. The feasibility of material and processing strategies in industrial large-scale coating techniques is then shown by demonstrating a “dip-coating” process which shows promise for large throughput production of perovskite solar modules. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Subjects
hot-casting; perovskite solar cells; power conversion efficiency; solution process
Other Subjects
Carrier concentration; Coatings; Conversion efficiency; Efficiency; Perovskite; Process control; Solar cells; Solar power generation; Thin films; Throughput; Carrier diffusion length; Crystallite orientation; Halide concentration; High power conversion; Large-scale manufacturing; Power conversion efficiencies; Processing strategies; Solution process; Perovskite solar cells
Type
journal article