Externality of Taiwan Industries：A Case Study of Health Impact of Air Pollutants
Date Issued
2012
Date
2012
Author(s)
Chiu, Han-Min
Abstract
Today, while pursuing economic development, which will bring a high degree of
environmental pollution in all countries. In order to achieve environmental
sustainability and sustained economic development, the question of how to balance
economic development and environmental protection into economic benefits are the
main subject for all government around the world.
In fact, due to the modern environmental consciousness, many of the
environmental protection or sustainable policies still ignore the impact caused by the
policy changes, as we know, sustainable development should consist of the principle
of reciprocity, one is environmental protection, the other is economic development
and another one is social equity. In the past, assess the cost-benefit of a single industry
in air pollutants, always by using the treatment cost in reduction to the air quality
standards, but this is still a problem of environmental degradation.
This study estimate the external cost of air pollutants on human health by using
impact pathway analysis which is addressed by European Union on1995. We choose
six kinds of air pollutant, PM 10 , NO X , SO X , Cd, As, Hg, and the emission data on
2006, insert these six pollutants’ annual emission quantity into Riskpoll which is a
model of human health impact assessment, and showing monetization at last step. As
a result, the estimation of monetize the health impact to the total external costs is
NTD 3.35 trillion, especially the traditional air pollutants PM 10 (53.5%) and NO X
(30.8%).
Extending the result into an environmental input-output analysis in Taiwan
(TWEEIO), the production behavior and product demanding in each industry sector
are highly related with economies. By establishing technical coefficient matrix in the
industry correlation table, we can realize the external cost while the final demand is
satisfied. The final demand includes household consumption; government departments’ consumption, capital formation, stock changes and exports, the
proportion of the external cost on household consumption and export are 32.5% and
41.9%. The main external cost contributor in household is service industry; we should
change our habits to improve this condition. In export, the manufacturing has the
major contribution. We owe to ameliorate the energy efficiency, clean energy and
recovery.
Finally, with the aspect of economy, we compared the external cost with the
annual production value, and found out the outstanding damage in industries are
Construction, Cement and Other land transportation.
Subjects
External Cost
Impact Pathway Analysis
Environmental Extend IO analysis
Final demand
Human health impact
Export
Household consumption
Type
thesis
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