Docosahexaenoic acid reduces linoleic acid induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression via PPARγ and nuclear factor-κB pathway in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Journal
Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
Journal Volume
58
Journal Issue
10
Pages
2053-2065
Date Issued
2014
Author(s)
Abstract
SCOPE: To investigate whether docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could inhibit linoleic acid (LA) induced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 expression in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with DHA and then exposed to LA. The expression of MCP-1 and PPAR�^ was examined using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. LA at 10, 25, or 50 �gM induced expression of MCP ARPE-19 cells in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). DHA at 50 and 100 �gM effectively inhibited LA-induced MCP-1 expression and production (p < 0.05) and NF-�eB activation. In addition, the culture medium from LA-stimulated ARPE-19 cells could induce tube formation in choroidal endothelial cells (RF6A), whereas 100 �gM DHA inhibited tube formation. DHA at 100 �gM increased the expression and activity of PPAR�^ (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with PPAR�^ inhibitor (GW9662) abolished the inhibitory effect of DHA (100 �gM) on LA-induced I�eB degradation, p65 translocation, and MCP-1 expression in ARPE-19 cells (p < 0.05), as well as tube formation in RF6A. CONCLUSION: DHA reduced LA-induced MCP-1 expression via a PPAR�^- and NF-�eB-dependent pathway in ARPE-19 cells. These results suggest the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of increased consumption of DHA and reduced consumption of LA on age-related macular degeneration.
Publisher
Wiley-VCH Verlag
Type
journal article