Cruciform DNA Structures Act as Legible Templates for Accelerating Homologous Recombination in Transgenic Animals
Journal
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Journal Volume
23
Journal Issue
7
Start Page
3973
ISSN
1422-0067
Date Issued
2022-04-02
Author(s)
Ou-Yang, Huan
Yang, Shiao-Hsuan
Chen, Wei
Yang, Shang-Hsun
Cidem, Abdulkadir
Chen, Chuan-Mu
Abstract
Inverted repeat (IR) DNA sequences compose cruciform structures. Some genetic disorders are the result of genome inversion or translocation by cruciform DNA structures. The present study examined whether exogenous DNA integration into the chromosomes of transgenic animals was related to cruciform DNA structures. Large imperfect cruciform structures were frequently predicted around predestinated transgene integration sites in host genomes of microinjection-based transgenic (Tg) animals (αLA-LPH Tg goat, Akr1A1eGFP/eGFP Tg mouse, and NFκB-Luc Tg mouse) or CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing (GE) animals (αLA-AP1 GE mouse). Transgene cassettes were imperfectly matched with their predestinated sequences. According to the analyzed data, we proposed a putative model in which the flexible cruciform DNA structures acted as a legible template for DNA integration into linear DNAs or double-strand break (DSB) alleles. To demonstrate this model, artificial inverted repeat knock-in (KI) reporter plasmids were created to analyze the KI rate using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in NIH3T3 cells. Notably, the KI rate of the 5′ homologous arm inverted repeat donor plasmid (5′ IR) with the ROSA gRNA group (31.5%) was significantly higher than the knock-in reporter donor plasmid (KIR) with the ROSA gRNA group (21.3%, p < 0.05). However, the KI rate of the 3′ inverted terminal repeat/inverted repeat donor plasmid (3′ ITRIR) group was not different from the KIR group (23.0% vs. 22.0%). These results demonstrated that the legibility of the sequence with the cruciform DNA existing in the transgene promoted homologous recombination (HR) with a higher KI rate. Our findings suggest that flexible cruciform DNAs folded by IR sequences improve the legibility and accelerate DNA 3′-overhang integration into the host genome via homologous recombination machinery.
Subjects
CRISPR/Cas9
cruciform
DNA repair
double-strand break (DSB)
gene edit
genome stability
homologous recombination (HR)
inverted repeat (IR)
knock-in
transgene
SDGs
Publisher
MDPI AG
Description
Article number: 3973
Type
journal article