An estimation of the health impact of groundwater pollution caused by dumping of chlorinated solvents
Resource
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 408(6), 1271-1275
Journal
The Science of The Total Environment
Pages
1271-1275
Date Issued
2010
Date
2010
Author(s)
Abstract
Hazardous waste sites are major environmental concerns, but few studies have quantified their expected utility loss on health. Objectives: To evaluate the health impact of groundwater pollution by an electronics manufacturing factory, we conducted a health risk assessment based on expected utility loss from liver cancer. Methods: Based on measurements of major pollutants, we estimated the likelihood of developing liver cancer after exposure to groundwater contamination. All patients with liver cancer between 1990 and 2005 in the Taiwan Cancer Registry were followed through 2007 using the National Mortality Registry to obtain survival function. Quality of life was assessed with two cross-sectional surveys, one employing the standard gamble method, and the other using the EQ-5D instrument. Quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) was estimated by multiplying the utility values with survival function under the unit of quality-adjusted life year (QALY). The difference of QALE between the cancer cohort and the age- and gender-matched reference population was calculated to represent the utility loss due to liver cancer. Results: A total of 94,144 patients with liver cancer were identified. The average utility loss to development of liver cancer was 17.5 QALYs. Based on toxicological approach, we estimated that groundwater pollution caused 1.7 extra cases of liver cancer, with an overall loss of 29.8 QALYs. Based on epidemiological approach, the expected annual excess number of liver cancer would be 3.65, which would have been accumulated through the years, had the pollution not mitigated. Conclusions: We demonstrated a practical approach for comparative health risk assessment using QALY as the common unit. This approach can be used for policy decisions based on possible health risks.
Subjects
Groundwater pollution; Liver cancer; Quality-adjusted life years; Utility
Other Subjects
Chlorinated solvent; Electronics manufacturing; Environmental concerns; Expected utility; Groundwater contamination; Hazardous waste sites; Health impact; Life expectancies; Liver cancers; Policy decisions; Quality of life; Quality-adjusted life years; Standard gamble; Survival Function; Environmental impact; Groundwater; Health; Health risks; Hydrogeology; Liver; Pollution; Risk assessment; Risk management; Groundwater pollution; ground water; solvent; cancer; estimation method; groundwater pollution; hazardous waste; health impact; health risk; integrated approach; pollutant source; pollution exposure; quality of life; risk assessment; solvent; adult; aged; article; cancer registry; cancer survival; controlled study; electronics industry; female; hazardous waste; health hazard; health survey; human; life expectancy; liver cancer; major clinical study; male; priority journal; public health; quality of life; risk assessment; Taiwan; toxicology; water pollution; Aged; Carcinogens, Environmental; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Fresh Water; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Solvents; Taiwan; Trichloroethylene; Vinyl Chloride; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Taiwan
Type
journal article
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