Evaluation of productive models, growth, carcass traits, and chemical composition of muscle by genetic markers n Taiwan black pigs
Date Issued
2009
Date
2009
Author(s)
Chien, Chin-Chung
Abstract
Taiwan had played a member of World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2002, so the pork industry was confronted by import pressure. To deal with this problem, the stockbreeders tried to establish a new local brand focusing on Taiwan black pigs. The meat of Taiwan black pigs is more popular in Taiwan because of its higher intramuscular fat content (IMF%). Nevertheless, the productive models of Taiwan black pigs in different farms were uncertain. Therefore, the first experiment was to investigate parental breeds of Taiwan black pigs by using 15 pairs of microsatellite markers. Total of 299 Taiwan black pigs from 8 private farms, 38 Taoyuan, 32 Meishan, 12 Berkshire, 31 Duroc, 21 Landrace, and 33 Yorkshire pigs were analyzed. The genetic distance among these pig breeds was calculated by PHYLIP software. From the genetic distance viewpoint, the results showed that farm 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, Duroc, Landrace and TLRI black No. 1 pig were grouped. Farm 6 and Berkshire were grouped. Meishan and Taoyuan were grouped. The breeding policies of productive models were different among farms, but we could figure out that Duroc, Landrace, TLRI black No. 1 pig and Berkshire might be the major parental breeds of Taiwan black pigs in the study. In order to understand the difference of body conformations, carcass traits, and chemical compositions of M. longissimus dorsi of Taiwan black pigs between different farms, we sampled 434 Taiwan black pigs in 8 different farms. The results showed that Taiwan black pig from the farm 3 had better performance of body conformation and higher uniformity than others. In carcass traits, backfat thickness of Taiwan black pigs from farm 5 and 8 were thicker than others while pigs from farm 3 had thinner backfat. In addition, the results showed Taiwan black pigs from farm 3, 4, and 5 had higher IMF% in chemical composition of muscle. Taken together, the performances of body conformation, carcass traits, and chemical composition of muscle in Taiwan black pigs from farm 3 were better than pigs from other farms. It was indicated that Taiwan black pigs from farm 3 might be more suitable productive model. Moreover, we picked up two genes, IGF-I and IGF-II, which was related to growth and carcass traits for genotyping by PCR-RFLP. The results showed body conformations, carcass traits, and chemical compositions of muscle were not significant different among pigs with different IGF-I genotypes (P>0.05), but there were significant differences of backfat thickness and IMF% (P<0.05) among different genotypes of IGF-II gene. In order to predict the model of growth rate of Taiwan black pigs, we selected black pig that the breed was similar to farm 3 to do the growth test. The results showed the growth curve of Taiwan black pigs grew steady. Because the growth rate of backfat increased, the weight of Taiwan black pig maintained steady gain after 100 kg. In addition, the average daily gain and intramuscular fat of Taiwan black pigs in this study were higher than TLRI black No.1 pigs. The backfat thickness of Taiwan black pigs were thicker than TLRI black No.1 pigs at 50 and 95 kg, but the backfat thickness of Taiwan black pigs at 130 kg were thinner than TLRI black No.1 pigs at 120 kg. Besides, the intramuscular fat of Taiwan black pigs were higher than TLRI black No.1 pigs. It showed that the productive model of black pigs in this study were better than TLRI black No.1 pigs. These results suggested that Taiwan black pig from farm 3 had better performance of body conformations, thinner backfat thickness, and higher IMF%. It was the better productive model of Taiwan Black pig. In addition, daily gain and carcass traits of Taiwan black pigs were better than TLRI black No.1 pigs in this test. Meanwhile, IGF-II gene might be a genetic maker which could increase IMF%. It could increase additional value of meat. Throuh test, we expected that this research could become a reference of optimal productive model of Taiwan black pigs.
Subjects
Taiwan Black pigs
body conformation
carcass traits
genetic variation
growth curve
Type
thesis
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