Indoor, outdoor, and personal exposure to PM 2.5 and their bioreactivity among healthy residents of Hong Kong
Journal
Environmental Research
Journal Volume
188
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Chen, X.-C.
Chuang, H.-C.
Ward, T.J.
Tian, L.
Cao, J.-J.
Ho, S.S.-H.
Lau, N.-C.
Hsiao, T.-C.
Yim, S.H.
Ho, K.-F.
Abstract
Direct evidence about associations between fine particles (PM2.5) components and the corresponding PM2.5 bioreactivity at the individual level is limited. We conducted a panel study with repeated personal measurements involving 56 healthy residents in Hong Kong. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels were measured from these subjects. Out of 56 subjects, 27 (48.2%) participated in concurrent outdoor, indoor, and personal PM2.5 monitoring. Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), particle bound-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phthalates were analyzed. Alteration in cell viability, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 8-isoprostane by 50 μg/mL PM2.5 extracts was determined in A549 cells in vitro. Moderate heterogeneities were shown in PM2.5 exposures and the corresponding PM2.5 bioreactivity across different sample types. Associations between the analyzed components and PM2.5 bioreactivity were assessed using the multiple regression models. Toxicological results revealed that indoor and personal exposure to OC as well as PAH compounds and their derivatives (e.g., Alkyl-PAHs, Oxy-PAHs) induced cell viability reduction and increase in levels of LDH, IL-6, and 8-isoprostane. Overall, OC in personal exposure played a dominant role in PM2.5-induced bioreactivity. Subsequently, we examined the associations of FeNO with IL-6 and 8-isoprostane levels using mixed-effects models. The results showed that per interquartile change in IL-6 and 8-isoprostane were associated with a 6.4% (p < 0.01) and 11.1% (p < 0.01) increase in FeNO levels, respectively. Our study explored the toxicological properties of chemical components in PM2.5 exposure, which suggested that residential indoors and personal OC and PAHs should be of great concern for human health. These findings indicated that further studies in inflammation and oxidative stress-related illnesses due to particle exposure would benefit from the assessment of in vitro PM2.5 bioreactivity. ? 2020 Elsevier Inc.
Subjects
Biomarkers; Inflammation; Organic carbon; Oxidative stress; PAHs
SDGs
Other Subjects
8 isoprostane; acenaphthene; acenaphthylene; benzo[a]pyrene; benzo[e]pyrene; chrysene; interleukin 6; lactate dehydrogenase; organic carbon; perylene; phenanthrene; phthalic acid benzyl butyl ester; phthalic acid derivative; phthalic acid dibutyl ester; phthalic acid diethyl ester; phthalic acid dimethyl ester; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; pyrene; carbon; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; elemental carbon; indoor air; organic carbon; oxidative stress; PAH; particulate matter; public health; toxicology; A-549 cell line; adult; Article; cell viability; controlled study; environmental exposure; female; fractional exhaled nitric oxide; Hong Kong; human; human cell; indoor air pollution; lactate dehydrogenase blood level; male; normal human; oxidative stress; particulate matter; personal monitoring; priority journal; summer; winter; air pollutant; analysis; environmental monitoring; indoor air pollution; particle size; particulate matter; toxicity; China; Hong Kong; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution, Indoor; Carbon; Environmental Monitoring; Hong Kong; Humans; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Type
journal article