Health Risk Assessment for Particulate Matters and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Taiwanese Temples
Date Issued
2006
Date
2006
Author(s)
Chiang, Kuo-Chih
DOI
en-US
Abstract
The major objective of this thesis is to assess human health risks from exposure to airborne particulate matters (PMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during working in or visiting a typical Taiwanese temple. We present an integrated probabilistic risk assessment framework appraised with reported empirical data. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)- and B[a]P toxic equivalents (B[a]Peq)-based concentrations are applied to assess PAHs. The framework integrates epidemiological and animal experimental data, lifetime cancer risk model, human respiratory tract (HRT) model, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, and pharmacodynamic (PD) -based dose-response models to quantitatively estimate levels of size-dependent PM exposure in human lung regions, PAHs concentrations in human tissues, and cancer risks for three groups with different levels of exposure. The results show that the incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) are greater than the acceptable level of 10-6 for extreme and high exposed groups through inhalation route. The result also indicates that the higher ILCRs (10-6 – 10-4) are found in ingestion and dermal contact route for three exposed groups. For personal extreme exposure to carcinogenic PAH in the temple, 95% probability total ILCR (TILCR) (9.87*10-4 – 1.13*10-3) is much greater than the range of 10-6 – 10-4, indicating high potential health risk; whereas for high and moderate exposed groups, 95% probability TILCRs range from 6.44*10-5 to 7.50*10-5 and 5.75*10-6 to 6.99*10-6, respectively. The alveolar–interstitial (AI) region has the smallest median mass diameters (MMDs) of PM and B[a]P. The average daily doses of PMs and PAHs obtained from fine fraction depositing to the AI region are significantly higher than those to the bronchial (BB) and bronchiolar (bb) regions. The 50% probability of exceeding the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adduct frequency ratios are estimated to be 1.28 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55 – 2.40) and 1.78 (95% CI: 0.84 – 2.95) for external exposure of B[a]P and B[a]Peq, respectively. The probability of 10% or more of human affected by lung tumor is approximately 7.62*10-5% (95% CI: 3.39*10-5 – 1.71*10-4%) and 3.87*10-4% (95% CI: 1.72 *10-4 – 8.69*10-4%) based on the internal exposure profiles of B[a]P and B[a]Peq, respectively. Here we show that human exposure to B[a]P in temples may induce significant levels of DNA adducts and that promote lung tumor development. This study successfully provides a framework for refinements in exposure and health risk assessment of respirable PMs and carcinogenic PAHs in Taiwanese temples. Our results can provide as a reference index in the future for better indoor air quality management.
Subjects
寺廟
拜香
顆粒物質
多環芳香烴化合物
苯並[a]芘
機率性
人體呼吸道
以生理為基礎之藥理動力學
風險
Temple
Incense burning
Particulate matters
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Benzo[a]pyrene
Probabilistic
Human respiratory tract
PBPK
Risk
SDGs
Type
thesis
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