Dietary Intake and Weight Changes 5?Years After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is becoming a leading primary bariatric surgery but long-term outcome remains unclear. The amount of food eaten is drastically reduced after LSG and may lead to nutritional deficiencies potentially. The aim of this study is to investigate long-term dietary intake and weight status after LSG. Methods: Forty patients underwent LSG had more than 5-year follow-up with complete clinical data and food frequency questionnaires were analyzed. Results: The mean age of subjects is 33.5?years old with mean body mass index (BMI) 37.9?kg/m2. Mean BMI loss at 5?years after LSG is 10.6?kg/m2. Weight regain appeared in 20% of patients. Dietary composition analysis at 5?years showed mean calorie intake of 1230?kcal/day, protein 70?g/day (22.5% of calorie), fat 50?g/day (36.1%), carbohydrate 126?g (41.4%), iron 7.5?mg/day, calcium 536.2?mg/day, and fiber 11.7?g/day. Calorie intake at 5?years after LSG is correlated with weight loss but weight regain is not related to a higher calorie intake. All comorbidities were significantly improved after LSG but hemoglobin and parathyroid hormone significantly changed. Incidence of iron deficiency anemia increased from 7.5% at pre-operation to 41.2% after LSG. Incidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism increased from 17.5 to 60.7%. Conclusion: LSG is an effective and durable bariatric procedure but with significant changes in nutritional status. Dietary instruction for LSG should include foods rich in protein, iron, calcium, and fiber. ? 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.