Bayesian computational markers of relapse in methamphetamine dependence
Journal
NeuroImage: Clinical
Journal Volume
22
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder is associated with a high likelihood of relapse. Identifying robust predictors of relapse that have explanatory power is critical to develop secondary prevention based on a mechanistic understanding of relapse. Computational approaches have the potential to identify such predictive markers of psychiatric illness, with the advantage of providing a finer mechanistic explanation of the cognitive processes underlying psychiatric vulnerability. In this study, sixty-two recently sober methamphetamine-dependent individuals were recruited from a 28-day inpatient treatment program, and completed a Stop Signal Task (SST) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These individuals were prospectively followed for 1 year and assessed for relapse to methamphetamine use. Thirty-three percent of followed participants reported relapse. We found that neural activity associated with two types of Bayesian prediction error, i.e. the difference between actual and expected need to stop on a given trial, significantly differentiated those individuals who remained abstinent and those who relapsed. Specifically, relapsed individuals exhibited smaller neural activations to such Bayesian prediction errors relative to those individuals who remained abstinent in the left temporoparietal junction (Cohen's d = 0.91), the left inferior frontal gyrus (Cohen's d = 0.57), and left anterior insula (Cohen's d = 0.63). In contrast, abstinent and relapsed participants did not differ in neural activation to non-model based task contrasts or on various self-report clinical measures. In conclusion, Bayesian cognitive models may help identify predictive biomarkers of relapse, while providing a computational explanation of belief processing and updating deficits in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder. © 2019
Subjects
Bayesian model; Inhibitory control; Methamphetamine dependence; Relapse; Stimulant
SDGs
Other Subjects
methamphetamine; central stimulant agent; methamphetamine; adult; anterior insula; Article; Bayesian learning; cognition; controlled study; female; functional magnetic resonance imaging; functional neuroimaging; human; inferior frontal gyrus; major clinical study; male; methamphetamine dependence; priority journal; relapse; self report; task performance; temporoparietal junction; amphetamine dependence; Bayes theorem; brain cortex; diagnostic imaging; executive function; middle aged; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; pathophysiology; physiology; procedures; recurrent disease; theoretical model; Adult; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Bayes Theorem; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cerebral Cortex; Executive Function; Female; Functional Neuroimaging; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Methamphetamine; Middle Aged; Models, Theoretical; Recurrence
Type
journal article