Data hiding on halftone images with noise balanced error diffusion
Journal
IEEE Signal Processing Letters
Journal Volume
10
Journal Issue
12
Pages
349-351
Date Issued
2003-12
Author(s)
SOO-CHANG PEI
J. M. Guo
Abstract
In this letter, we propose a low-complexity algorithm for embedding watermark into two or more error-diffused images. The first one is only a regular error-diffused image, and the others are achieved by applying the proposed noise-balanced error diffusion technique (NBEDF) to the original gray-level image. The visual decoding pattern can be perceived when these two or more similar error-diffused images are overlaid each other. Furthermore, with the proposed modified version of NBEDF, the two halftone images can be made from two totally different gray-tone images and still provide a clear and sharp visual decoding pattern.
Subjects
Digital watermark; Error diffusion; Halftone; Least squares; Ordered dither
Other Subjects
Algorithms; Decoding; Digital watermarking; Least squares approximations; Error diffusion; Gray-level images; Image processing
Type
journal article
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