Comprehensive Betalain Profiling of Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) Cultivars Using HPLC-Q-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Journal
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Journal Volume
69
Journal Issue
51
Pages
15699-15715
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Xie G.-R
Abstract
Betalains are water-soluble pigments that may be used as alternatives to artificial colorants in the food industry. In addition, the betalain profile may be of taxonomic significance to some higher plants. Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) is an emerging crop grown by Taiwan aboriginal communities, and its various cultivars contain different betalain compositions. To develop an authenticity method for evaluating djulis cultivars, we performed comprehensive betalain profiling with HPLC-Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). An HRMS method for betalain annotation was developed and used to identify 68 betalains, including 10 betacyanins, 24 betacyanin derivatives, and 34 betaxanthins. The profile of betacyanins and their derivatives could be utilized to classify different cultivars of djulis, while betaxanthins were less informative. Furthermore, the betalain profiles were indicative of the geographic origin of djulis. This HRMS method and analytical platform for betalains may be helpful to guide further investigations of natural pigments in other plants. ? 2021 American Chemical Society.
Subjects
authenticity
betacyanins
betaxanthins
djulis (Chenopodium formosanum)
geographic origin
high-resolution mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry
Pigments
Betacyanins
Betalains
Betaxanthins
Djulis (chenopodium formosanum)
Food industries
Geographic origins
High resolution mass spectrometry
Higher plants
Orbitrap
Watersoluble
Authentication
betacyanin
betalain
Chenopodium
high performance liquid chromatography
mass spectrometry
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Mass Spectrometry
SDGs
Type
journal article