Prominent facial feature and hybrid learning method-based advanced face detector robust to head-up, head-down, and arbitrary rotation cases
Journal
Signal, Image and Video Processing
Journal Volume
15
Journal Issue
1
Pages
147-154
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Abstract
Face detection is important for computer vision. Until now, the Viola and Jones algorithm is still the most popular face detector embedded in digital cameras. Although it has good performance in frontal face detection, it may not perform well in detecting rotated, head-up, and head-down faces. In this paper, we propose a more robust face detector based on prominent feature extraction. We find that, in addition to using eyes and mouth, which have been adopted by other algorithms, noses and ears are also important clues for face detection. Particularly, for a profile face, only a single eye can be detected. For head-up or head-down faces, eyes and mouth may not be well detected. However, in these cases, noses and ears can still be detected well and we can apply these features to improve the accuracy of rotated, head-up, and head-down face detection. To well detect these prominent features, in addition to the Viola–Jones detector, we also apply edge and color information and use the refocus algorithm based on the convolutional neural network. Simulations conducted on several popular multi-view face databases show that the proposed face detector can attain higher detection rates and is robust to rotated, head-up, and head-down cases. ? 2020, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
Subjects
Deep learning
Morphological operations
Prominent facial features
Refocus
View-invariant face detection
Convolutional neural networks
Feature extraction
Learning systems
Rotation
Arbitrary rotation
Color information
Detection rates
Face database
Facial feature
Hybrid learning methods
Profile faces
Prominent features
Face recognition
Type
journal article