Emissions, measurement, and control of odor in livestock farms: A review
Journal
Science of the Total Environment
Journal Volume
776
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Wang Y.-C
Abstract
Odor emissions from intensive livestock farms have attracted increased attention due to their adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Nevertheless, a systematic summary regarding the characteristics, sampling detection, and control technology for odor emissions from livestock farms is currently lacking. This paper compares the development of odor standards in different countries and summarizes the odor emission characteristics of livestock farms. Ammonia, the most common odor substance, can reach as high as 4100 ppm in the compost area. Sampling methods for point and area source odor emissions are introduced in this paper, and odor analysis methods are compared. Olfactometers, odorometers, and the triangle odor bag method are usually used to measure odor concentration. Odor control technologies are divided into three categories: physical (activated carbon adsorption, masking, and dilution diffusion), chemical (plant extract spraying, wet scrubbing, combustion, non-thermal plasma, and photocatalytic oxidation), and biological (biofiltration, biotrickling, and bioscrubbing). Each technology is elucidated, and the performance in the removal of different pollutants is summarized. The application scopes, costs, operational stability, and secondary pollution of the technologies are compared. The generation of secondary pollution and long-term operation stability are issues that should be considered in future technological development. Lastly, a case analysis for engineering application is conducted. ? 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Subjects
Agriculture; Ammonia; Biofilters; Biofiltration; Composting; Plant extracts; Pollution; Thermal spraying; Activated carbon adsorption; Control technologies; Engineering applications; Long-term operation stabilities; Odor concentrations; Operational stability; Photocatalytic oxidations; Technological development; Odor control; ammonia; emission control; livestock farming; measurement method; odor; pollutant removal; ammonia; fragrance; agricultural land; animal; composting; human; livestock; Ammonia; Animals; Composting; Farms; Humans; Livestock; Odorants
SDGs
Other Subjects
Agriculture; Ammonia; Biofilters; Biofiltration; Composting; Plant extracts; Pollution; Thermal spraying; Activated carbon adsorption; Control technologies; Engineering applications; Long-term operation stabilities; Odor concentrations; Operational stabil
Type
review