Gender Differences in the Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma 2 Gene Polymorphisms on Metabolic Adversity in Patients with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
Resource
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY v.35 n.1 pp .239-245
Journal
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
Journal Volume
v.35
Journal Issue
n.1
Pages
p-p
Date Issued
2011
Date
2011
Author(s)
CHEN, CHUN-HSIN
LU, MONG-LIANG
KUO, PO-HSIU
Abstract
Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a major health problem in schizophrenic patients. Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) is one of the candidate genes responsible for the liability to metabolic problems. In this study, we investigated the effect of the PPAR gamma 2 gene Pro12Ala and C161T polymorphisms on metabolic adversities in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Methods: Metabolic profiles and PPAR gamma 2 gene polymorphisms were determined in 600 patients (309 men and 291 women) with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Metabolic indices and components of MS were compared between patients with different Pro12 Ala or C161T genotypes. Results: In the whole population, the allele frequency of 12Ala and 161T was 4.4% and 24.7% respectively. Both polymorphisms had no significant effect on obesity or metabolic-related traits. However, following gender stratification of the data, we found female 12Ala allele carriers were at greater risk of developing abdominal obesity (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.1-14.2, p = 0.04) and hypertension (OR = 2.9 , 95% CI = 1.2-7.4, p = 0. 02) than female 12Ala allele non-carriers. Male 161T allele carriers had lower insulin levels (p = 0.02) and lower high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 0.05) levels than male 161T allele non-carriers. Moreover, female 1611 allele carriers had higher body weight (p = 0.04), waist circumference (p = 0.05), and systolic blood pressure (p = 0 .01), and were at greater risk of developing hypertension ( OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1-3.5, p = 0.02). Haplotype analyses showed that PPAR gamma 2 gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with HDL-C level in men and blood pressure in women. Conclusions: We did not find an association of PPAR gamma 2 gene polymorphisms with MS or obesity in our schizophrenia sample. But further analyses by gender stratification revealed gender-specific differences in the effect of different PPAR gamma 2 genotypes on certain metabolic adversities in these patients.
Subjects
Gender difference
Metabolic adversity
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2
Polymorphism
Schizophrenia
SDGs