Relationships between Social Supports, Maternal Confidence, Maternal Competence, and Maternal Parenting Stress in the Postpartum Period of Postpartum Women：Multilevel Analysis
Date Issued
2012
Date
2012
Author(s)
Liu, Chien-Chi
Abstract
Introduction: Development of the maternal role may influence mother-child relationship. Lack the related knowledge concerning infant care, maternal confidence, and social support may enhance the stress of postpartum women in performing the maternal role. Development of the maternal role not only is the variation of the time but also is a non-linear change. Previous study also performed by cross-sectional research design and using regression method for data analysis. However, type of this methodology is actually unable to reflect the real maternal parenting stress. Thereby, in order to precisely reflect this problem, realizing the trend of changes and its related factors is crucial.
Aim: The aims of this study were to explore the trajectories change, the influenced factors, and the parity of social support, maternal confidence, maternal competence and maternal parenting stress for postpartum Taiwanese women during infant care within delivery hospital at 1st, 2nd, and 4th of postpartum period.
Methods. This study was a prospective, longitudinal design and purposive sampling. Data were collected from 209 health postpartum Taiwanese women and their child at delivery hospital, 1st, 2nd, and 4th of postpartum period, and their infants come from a medical center and well-child clinics at health centers in central Taiwan. There were 305 women and their children to fit the research criteria and 209 women to response complete return the questionnaire. The response rate was 68.5%. The self-report questionnaire included the Social Support Scale, The Maternal Confidence Questionnaire, The Maternal Competence Scale and The SF-Maternal Parenting Stress Scale were used. Data were coded and analyzed with SPSS/PC 13.0 (+) for Windows and HLM. Student’s t-test and Repeated Measures ANOVA were applied to examine primiparous and multilparous women of the social support, maternal confidence, maternal competence, and maternal parenting stress in the same time and cross time. Pearson Correlation was used to examine the relationships between maternal parenting social support, maternal confidence, maternal competence, and maternal parenting stress. Multilevel analysis was used to examine the trajectories of change in social support, maternal confidence maternal competence and maternal parenting stress and to identify the factors that influenced the maternal parenting stress in the present study.
Results: Results of this study showed that higher scores in social support were seen in hospitalization and were decreased by the time. The highest scores for maternal confidence and maternal competency were seen at 4th of postpartum period and the scores were increased by the time. The highest scores for maternal parenting stress were achieved at 1th of postpartum period and the scores were declined by the time. Accordingly, a negative relationship between maternal parenting stress and social support, maternal confidence, and maternal competency were seen in the present study. On the contrary, a positive relationship between social support, maternal confidence, and maternal competency was obtained in this current study. Monitoring maternal confidence, maternal competency and maternal parenting stress in postpartum women in early postpartum period indicated a piecewise trajectory changes, and this change was different accompanied by different parity. The major influenced factors for postpartum women were perceived health status, feeding type of the infant, maternal confidence, maternal competency and no influence was seen in social support.
Conclusion: This is the first paper in studying the changes of the maternal parenting stress in early stage of postpartum women by using longitudinal research design and multilevel analysis in Taiwan. Our present data not only may provide some helpful information for postpartum women in realizing the development of early stage of the maternal role and the trend of maternal parenting stress, but also may verify Rubin’s theory of maternal role attainment. On the other hand, our finding is practically useful for nurses in promoting the progression of maternal role development, the quality of care and decreasing maternal parenting stress in postpartum women.
Subjects
maternal parenting stress
maternal confidence
maternal competence
infant care
multilevel analysis
Type
thesis
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