Conversion of Aquatic Biomass to Bio-oil Products by Hydrothermal Liquefaction
Date Issued
2016
Date
2016
Author(s)
Li, Ke
Abstract
In this research, the methods of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (CHTL) were employed to transform algae powder (AP) into bio-oil (BO). Solvent used was a mixture of 75 vol% of isopropanol and 25 vol% water.K2CO3 was applied as hydrolysis catalyst. In addition ZSM-5 or MoS2/ZSM-5 was adopted as a cracking catalyst. Effects of operation conditions such as reaction temperature (Tr) and catalysts on the system performances were examined and elucidated. These included the yield, quality and characteristics of BO products. The characteristics of solid, liquid (non-BO) and gas products were also analyzed and assessed. The main target product is BO, which includes hexane soluable oil (HSO) and hexane and water insoluble while acetone soluble oil (HWIASO). For cases applied ZSM-5 catalyst, as Tr increases, yields of HSO and HWIASO (YHSO and YHWIASO) increase. At 613 K, the conversion of solid (XS) of AP is 94.66 wt% with the highest YHSO and YHWIASO of 27.86 wt% and 54.28 wt%, respectively. The corresponding heating values of HSO and HWIASO (HHSO and HHWIASO) are 31.21 MJ kg-1 and 19.43 MJ kg-1, respectively. The highest HHSO and HHWIASO are respectively 51.91 MJ kg-1 and 67.05 MJ kg-1 at 533 K. With MoS2/ZSM-5 catalyst, he highest XS is 94.19 wt% at 613 K. The corresponding YHSO, YHWIASO, HHSO and HHWIASO are 13.43 wt%, 53.01 wt%, 37.44 MJ kg-1 and 31.72 MJ kg-1, respectively. The highest YHSO and YHWIASO are respectively 34.34 wt% and 55.94 wt% at 573 K. The corresponding XS, HHSO and HHWIASO are 94.19 wt%, 33.97 MJ kg-1 and 37.03 MJ kg-1, respectively. The highest HHSO is 39.02 MJ kg-1 at 533 K and the highest HHWIASO is 60.26 MJ kg-1 at 553 K. The results showed that Tr of CHTL enhances XS. The addition of solid catalyst can reduce the reaction temperature of CHTL to maintain the satisfactory XS, yield and heating values of products. The simulated distillations of HSO and HWIASO were conducted and compared with those of serveral fuels. The carbon number distributions of the oil products are mainly between C4-C24 and close to that of boat oil. GC-MS results showed HSO and HWIASO contains large amounts of hydrocarbons and some amines, esters, ketones, alcohols, nitrogen-containing aromatic and nitrogen-containing aliphatic compounds, but also a small amount of acid acids. According to the appearance, viscosity and other properties of the oil products. The quality of HSO is better than HWIASO. HSO can be used directly blended with boat oil or boiler fuel oil. Further upgrading is needed for converting HWIASO into useful oil.
Subjects
Algae
hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)
isopropanol
biofuel
catalyst
Type
thesis
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