Comparative anatomical study on the early endosperm development and embryogenesis in Glycine max (L.) cv Tainan No. 3 and Neonotonia wightii (A.) Lackey
Date Issued
2015
Date
2015
Author(s)
Liu, Tian-Jyun
Abstract
The development of the seed, especially in the female gametophyte, embryo and endosperm has been studied for cultivated soybean; however, little was known about these components of sexual reproduction in the sister genus of Glycine, such as Neonotonia. The genus Neonotonia was early grouped with the genus Glycine and has been established by Lackey in 1977. Neonotonia consists of only two species that are perennial and have smaller seeds compared to those of G. max. Seed of soybean is exalbuminous. In an exalbuminous seed, the endosperm is an ephemeral structure for nutrient storage during early seed development. Recently, the results of interploidy crosses and mutations of Arabidopsis thaliana suggested that the early endosperm development affected the mature seed size. However, little was known about whether the endosperm development also affected the seed size in other dicot plants. In this study, we chose three legumes (cultivated soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv Tainan No. 3, Tainan No. 5 and Neonotonia wightii) those dramatically differ in mature seed size, and examined which cellular developmental processes resulted in the differences in seed size. The results show that the patterns of early embryogenesis and endosperm development are similar in Tainan No. 3 and N. wightii. Reproductive events, however, occur earlier in Tainan No. 3. Additionally, the duration of early reproductive events in cultivated soybeans (Tainan No. 3 & Tainan No. 5) is relatively shorter than N. wightii. The amount of nuclei in the cellularized endosperm of cultivated soybean is greater than N. wightii, and the area of endosperm of Tainan No. 5 is larger than those of Tainan No. 3 and N. wightii. We suggest that the rapid mitosis in an endosperm results in greater amount of nutrient accumulation for embryo development, and subsequently, big seeds.
Subjects
Glycine max (L.) Merr
Neonotonia wightii (Arn.) Lackey
early endosperm development
early embryogenesis
seed size
Type
thesis
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