Genetic predisposition factors and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: A review of epidemiological association studies, 2000-2011. Rosetta Stone for NPC: Genetics, viral infection, and other environmental factors.
Journal
Seminars in Cancer Biology
Journal Volume
22
Journal Issue
2
Pages
107-116
Date Issued
2012
Author(s)
Hildesheim A
Abstract
While infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be an essential risk factor for the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), other co-factors including genetic factors are thought to play an important role. In this review, we summarize association studies conducted over the past decade to evaluate the role of genetic polymorphisms in NPC development. A review of the literature identified close to 100 studies, including 3 genome-wide association studies (GWAS), since 2000 that evaluated genetic polymorphisms and NPC risk in at least 100 NPC cases and 100 controls. Consistent evidence for associations were reported for a handful of genes, including immune-related HLA Class I genes, DNA repair gene RAD51L1, cell cycle control genes MDM2 and TP53, and cell adhesion/migration gene MMP2. However, for most of the genes evaluated, there was no effort to replicate findings and studies were largely modest in size, typically consisting of no more than a few hundred cases and controls. The small size of most studies, and the lack of attempts at replication have limited progress in understanding the genetics of NPC. Moving forward, if we are to advance our understanding of genetic factors involved in the development of NPC, and of the impact of gene-gene and gene-environment interations in the development of this disease, consortial efforts that pool across multiple, well-designed and coordinated efforts will most likely be required. ? 2012.
Subjects
Epidemiology; Genetics; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Review
SDGs
Other Subjects
ACE gene; Birc5 gene; cancer risk; Cav 1 gene; cell cycle regulation; COX 2 gene; CYP1A1 gene; Cyp2e1 gene; DLC 1 gene; DNMT3B gene; EGF gene; EGFR gene; environmental factor; ERCC1 gene; GABBR1 gene; gene frequency; genetic polymorphism; genetic predisposition; genotype environment interaction; GSTM1 gene; GSTP1 gene; GSTT1 gene; HCG9 gene; heredity; hOGG1 gene; human; MDM2 gene; MMP1 gene; MMP12 gene; MMP13 gene; MMP2 gene; MMP3 gene; MMP7 gene; MMP9 gene; molecular dynamics; MPO gene; mthfr gene; N4BP2 gene; nasopharynx carcinoma; NAT2 gene; NBS1 gene; NQO1 gene; oncogene; PLUNC gene; polymerase chain reaction; RAD51L1 gene; review; single nucleotide polymorphism; TERT gene; TP53 gene; VDR gene; VEGF gene; XPC gene; XPD gene; XRCC1 gene; XRCC3 gene; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Gene-Environment Interaction; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Polymorphism, Genetic; Risk Factors
Type
review