Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of Crested Serpent Eagles in Taiwan Based on Microsatellite Markers and Mitochondrial DNA
Date Issued
2010
Date
2010
Author(s)
Hsu, Hsin-Hsin
Abstract
Raptor populations become fragmented and are often decreased due to human impact to nature environment. Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela hoya) is endemic and protected animals in Taiwan. To manage and conserve this species, knowledge of the genetic diversity and genetic structure is critical. Microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA were analyzed for 62 Crested Serpent Eagles including 42 samples with known habitats in certain regions in Taiwan.
Cross-species microsatellite markers from White-tailed Sea Eagle and Spanish imperial eagle were used to amplify in this study. The results showed the markers were of limited use in Crested Serpent Eagles. There were only 11 microsatellite loci displayed polymorphisms in a total of 16 loci, and the mean heterozygosity was low (HE=0.38, HO=0.35). Moreover, the sequence in these loci showed decreased number of repeated motif in Crested Serpent Eagles. Therefore, we cloned 24 novel microsatellite markers from Crested Serpent Eagles using a selective hybridization method from a genome library enriched for (CA)n and (GATA)n repeat motifs. The allele numbers ranged from two to eight per locus, and the observed and expected heterozygosity were similar. Using these markers to analyze pairwise FST estimates, we found that limited Crested Serpent Eagles population differentiation in various regions of Taiwan (FST< 0.05, RST<0.05). Besides, the eagles in eastern region showed higher genetic distance from other regions. We also cloned and sequenced the mitochondrial genome (18828 bp) of the Crested Serpent Eagle, and designed a primer set to amplify a highly variable control region to decipher the genetic diversity of this species. We observed 12 haplotypes in 62 Crested Serpent Eagle samples. Similarly with the result from microsatellite markers, the pairwise FST estimates and haplotypes minimum spanning network revealed the eagles were limited differentiation and there was no obvious genetic distribution according to geographic segregation.
In conclusion, we developed 24 microsatellite markers from Crested Serpent Eagles and sequenced its mitochondrial genome. These tools could be very useful for genetic monitoring and other application in the future. Moreover, the microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA data showed that Crested Serpent Eagles in Taiwan have limited genetic differentiation and there are sufficient genetic diversity. Therefore the Crested Serpent Eagle in Taiwan should be recognized as a single management unit for conservation programs.
Subjects
Crested Serpent Eagle
microsatellite marker
mitochondrial DNA
genetic conservation
Type
thesis
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