Effects of nitrogen on the expression of grain proteins and quality formation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Date Issued
2005
Date
2005
Author(s)
Pan, Cheng-yu
DOI
zh-TW
Abstract
Although the quality of the rice grains are mainly based on the genotype background, the culture environments, including climate, management, and nitrogen fertilizer, can still significantly cause quality change.
This study aimed to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the expression of proteins of rice grains and the relationship with the grain quality formation. Rice plants of three quality rice cultivars (Taikeng 9, Koshihikari、and Taichung sen 10）were treated with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer: 37.5 kg/ha、75 kg/ha、150 kg/ha in this study to estimate the responses of chlorophyll content in leaves, effective accumulated temperature, leaf number, grain physicalchemical properties, total protein content and storage protein content in rice grains, as well as to check the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on proteins expression by proteomics approach.
Results showed that increase of nitrogen fertilizer level has positive effect on growth duration, plant height, and tiller number, while the nitrogen fertilizer level has no effect on leaf number. Applying of additional fertilizer can delay leaf ageing, but increase the chlorophyll content (SPDA value). Higher level of nitrogen fertilizer decreased amylose content in the grains of Koshihikari、Taikeng 9, but increased amylose content in grains of Taichung sen 10. Through rapid viscosity analysis 〈RVA〉,values of breakdown and final viscosity were decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate, suggesting that thixotropy of the rice flour, stickness were also decreased by the increase of nitrogen rate.
In chemical composition, grain protein content was increased by the higher nitrogen application, but change of amylose was not consistent with nitrogen application rate. The nitrogen induced high protein content may be the major factor conferring the changes of physical-chemical characteristics of rice grains. More detailed analysis of the change of storage proteins revealed that the increase of the level of nitrogen fertilizer has positive effect on the content of prolamins and glutelins, especially the prolamins. Nevertheless, albumin content was decreased with the increase of the nitrogen rate. Through 2-D gel analysis, amount of most of the subunits of glutelins and prolamins could be elevated by increase of nitrogen rate, while the fluctuations of the expression amount of subunits was not synchronized among cultivars. Effects on the expressions of other important proteins, including GBSS, SSII, elongation factor and allergen like proteins, were also determined and discussed in the present study. In addition a basic proteomic profile was established for albumins of rice grains, and can be a useful tool for related studies. Conclusively, a schematic model has been proposed to rationalize the pathway of the influence of nitrogen on rice quality formation.
Subjects
氮素
水稻
品質
葉綠素
黏性
nitrogen
rice
quality
cholophy
viscosity
SDGs
Type
thesis
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