Interferon-gamma release assay and Rifampicin therapy for household contacts of tuberculosis
Journal
Journal of Infection
Journal Volume
64
Journal Issue
3
Pages
291-298
Date Issued
2012
Author(s)
Abstract
Objectives: Longitudinal studies in household contacts to identify subgroups at risk of active tuberculosis are lacking. Methods: Household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were prospectively enrolled to receive chest radiography, sputum studies, and T-SPOT.TB assay at initial visit. Repeat examinations every 6 months for 3 years, and 4-month rifampin preventive therapy for T-SPOT.TB-positive contacts were provided. We investigated factors predicting T-SPOT.TB-positivity and active pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: 583 contacts were enrolled with a follow-up duration of 20.7±9.4 months. 176 (30.2%) were T-SPOT.TB-positive initially and 32 (18.2%) of them received preventive therapy. Old age, living in the same room/house with the index case, the index case having a high smear grade (3+~4+) and pulmonary cavitation were associated with T-SPOT.TB-positivity. Active tuberculosis developed in 9T-SPOT.TB-positive contacts; risk factors included T-SPOT.TB-positivity without preventive therapy, living in the same room, and the index case being ?50 years or female. 108 (61.4%) T-SPOT.TB-positive contacts had repeat examinations. Forty-five had T-SPOT.TB reversion and none of them developed active tuberculosis. Conclusion: Household contacts who are T-SPOT.TB-positive and live in the same room as the index case are at risk of active tuberculosis and require preventive therapy and close follow-up. ? 2011 The British Infection Association.
SDGs
Other Subjects
rifampicin; adult; article; bacterium contamination; contact examination; controlled study; disease association; enzyme linked immunospot assay; female; follow up; human; infection prevention; infection risk; interferon gamma release assay; longitudinal study; lung cavitation; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; nonhuman; outcome assessment; prediction; prospective study; risk assessment; risk factor; syndrome delineation; treatment duration; Adult; Aged; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Contact Tracing; Family; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Interferon-gamma Release Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Rifampin; Risk Factors; Tuberculosis
Type
journal article