表觀遺傳學：營養與健康之新連結
Other Title
Epigenetics: A New Link Between Nutrition and Health
Journal
台灣營養學會雜誌
Journal Volume
45
Journal Issue
4
Start Page
122
End Page
140
ISSN
1011-6958
Date Issued
2021-12
Author(s)
Abstract
眾所周知，健康的飲食和生活方式可以增加平均壽命並有助於預防慢性疾病，如肥胖、心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症和精神障礙等。然而，參與這些生物過程的分子機制尚未完全清楚。一般認為，人與人之間的基因體不同，導致個體對食物或營養素的反應不同，這種研究遺傳變異對飲食反應的科學稱為營養遺傳學；而表觀遺傳學是生物學的一個新興領域，主要研究不改變核酸序列的前提下，涉及基因表現的改變，它可以連結環境如何影響基因表現及維持細胞恆定性。具有表觀遺傳效應的環境因素包括營養素（飲食）、化學品、污染物和行為等。這些因素及其代謝物可以早在胎兒還在子宮內發育時或更早的時期就可能修飾DNA和組蛋白，並對細胞生物學、個體的生理和病理學產生特定影響。最近的研究證明母親在發育早期的營養狀況及環境暴露會改變成年子代對疾病的易感性，這些研究成果強化了營養、表觀遺傳學和健康之間的相互作用。在這篇綜述中，我們簡要概述了表觀遺傳調控，並探討飲食如何影響健康和疾病的表觀基因組。了解環境因素所產生的分子效應可能有助於製定預防疾病策略及個人化健康計劃。
It is well established that a pattern of healthy eating and lifestyle enhances life expectancy and helps to prevent chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and mental disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these fundamental biological processes are not fully understood. Recent studies in the field of nutrigenetics have provided evidence on how genetic variations can impact the individuals' response to diet. Epigenetics, a relatively new field of science, involves altered gene expression without any change of nucleotide sequences. Epigenetics has the potential to explain how the environment influence the genes and maintain the cellular homeostasis. Environmental factors with epigenetic effects include nutrients (diet), chemicals, pollutants and behaviors. These factors and their metabolites modify DNA and histones as early as during development in utero, and exert specific effects on cell biology, physiology and pathology. Recent studies have demonstrated that maternal nutrition and environmental exposure early in development modify susceptibility to disease in offspring later in life, highlighting the interaction between nutrition, epigenetics and health. In this Review, we provide a brief overview of epigenetic regulation and discuss how the diets affect the epigenome in health and disease. Understanding the molecular effects of environmental factors might sheds light on the development of preventative strategies and personalized heath programs.
Subjects
飲食
health
表觀遺傳學
epigenetics
疾病易感性
健康
營養
diet
disease susceptibility
nutrition
SDGs
Publisher
台灣營養學會
Type
journal article