Dual bulk and surface passivation of 3D perovskite solar cells using zwitterionic molecules
Journal
Materials Today Energy
Journal Volume
52
Start Page
101933
ISSN
2468-6069
Date Issued
2025-08
Author(s)
Abstract
Defect passivation plays a pivotal role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), effectively mitigating non-radiative recombination and significantly enhancing their photovoltaic performance and stability. Herein, the zwitterionic molecule cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) was introduced into 3D triple-cation lead mixed-halide (CsFAMA) perovskite films, enabling dual bulk and surface passivation. The quaternary ammonium group in CAPB established electrostatic interactions with iodine ions in PbI2, while its carboxylate and amide C=O groups coordinated with Pb2+ ions, effectively suppressing non-radiative recombination. Devices incorporating CAPB achieved a notable maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.47 % and demonstrated exceptional humidity resistance, retaining 98 % of their initial PCE after 4,080 h under 25 °C and 50 % relative humidity. Additionally, hydrogen bonds formed between the carboxylate C=O, amide C=O, and N-H groups in CAPB and the N-H groups of amines effectively mitigated amine volatilization at elevated temperatures. As a result, CAPB-based devices maintained 93 % and 80 % of their original PCE after 1,872 h at 65 °C and 85 °C, respectively. The successful integration of CAPB for dual bulk and surface passivation underscores its significant potential in advancing photovoltaic technologies.
Subjects
Coordination
Defect passivation
Hydrogen bond
Zwitterionic molecule
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Type
journal article