The diverse and contrasting effects of using human prostate cancer cell lines to study androgen receptor roles in prostate cancer
Journal
Asian Journal of Andrology
Journal Volume
11
Journal Issue
1
Pages
39-48
Date Issued
2009
Author(s)
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Androgen deprivation therapy is initially effective in blocking tumor growth, but it eventually leads to the hormone-refractory state. The detailed mechanisms of the conversion from androgen dependence to androgen independence remain unclear. Several PCa cell lines were established to study the role of AR in PCa, but the results were often inconsistent or contrasting in different cell lines, or in the same cell line grown under different conditions. The cellular and molecular alteration of epithelial cells and their microenvironments are complicated, and it is difficult to use a single cell line to address this important issue and also to study the pathophysiological effects of AR. In this paper, we summarize the different effects of AR on multiple cell lines and show the disadvantages of using a single human PCa cell line to study AR effects on PCa. We also discuss the advantages of widely used epithelium-stroma co-culture systems, xenograft mouse models, and genetically engineered PCa mouse models. The combination of in vitro cell line studies and in vivo mouse models might lead to more credible results and better strategies for the study of AR roles in PCa.
SDGs
Other Subjects
androgen receptor; dihydroxytestosterone; mutant protein; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate 3 phosphatase; small interfering RNA; testosterone; transcription factor; transcription factor Nkx3.1; unclassified drug; androgen receptor; apoptosis; cancer cell culture; cancer growth; cancer invasion; cancer staging; carcinogenesis; cell differentiation; cell infiltration; cell isolation; cell migration; cell motility; cell proliferation; cell strain; cell strain CWR22Rv1; cell strain DU145; cell strain LNCaP; cell strain PC3; cell strain PC346C; cell strain WPMY 1; cell survival; cell transformation; coculture; down regulation; experimental mouse; genetic engineering; genetic transfection; human; in vitro study; in vivo study; metastasis; nonhuman; orthotopic transplantation; prostate cancer; prostate epithelium; protein expression; protein function; review; signal transduction; stroma cell; suppressor cell; upregulation; animal; disease model; epithelium cell; male; mouse; pathology; pathophysiology; physiology; prostate tumor; tumor cell line; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Male; Mice; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Androgen; Stromal Cells
Type
review