A novel photodynamic therapy-based drug delivery system layered on a stent for treating cholangiocarcinoma
Journal
Biomedical Microdevices
Journal Volume
20
Journal Issue
1
Date Issued
2018
Author(s)
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the drug delivery efficacy and bio-effectiveness of a novel photodynamic therapy (PDT)-matrix drug delivery system for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Metallic stents were coated with polyurethane (PU) as the first layer. A 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA)/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)/benzoyl peroxide (BPO) layer and a poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA)/poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (K30) layer containing various concentrations of Photofrin were then incorporated onto the stent as the second and third layers. After incubating the layered membranes with cultured CCA cell line, the release of Photofrin, cell viability, the intracellular uptake of Photofrin, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis were determined. Using a single-layer diffusion model, the maximum release of Photofrin from the 5 to 10% K30 formulas was 80 and 100%, respectively, after 24?h. When using the multiple-layer diffusion model, the released Photofrin showed an initial burst of the loading dose from the PEVA/PBMA/K30 layer. In the immobilized model, less than 5% of the Photofrin from the 2-HEMA/EGDMA/BPO layer was released over the 24-h period. Cell viability decreased linearly with increasing Photofrin concentrations, and ROS generation and apoptosis were shown to increase significantly with increasing Photofrin concentrations, until the concentration of Photofrin reached a saturation point of 1.5?μg/ml. This new, multiple-layered, PDT-based stent with dual-release mechanisms is a promising treatment for CCA and cancer-related ductal stenosis. ? 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
SDGs
Other Subjects
Cell culture; Cell death; Diffusion; Drug therapy; Ethylene; Stents; 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; Cholangiocarcinoma; Drug delivery system; Photodynamic therapy (PDT); Photofrin concentrations; Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate); Reactive oxygen species; Stent; Photodynamic therapy; 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate; benzoyl peroxide; ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer; photofrin; poly(n butyl methacrylate); polymer; polyurethan; povidone; reactive oxygen metabolite; unclassified drug; antineoplastic agent; ethylenevinylacetate copolymer; methacrylic acid; photofrin II; polybutyl methacrylate; polymethacrylic acid derivative; polyvinyl derivative; reactive oxygen metabolite; apoptosis; Article; bile duct carcinoma; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; diffusion; drug delivery system; drug efficacy; drug release; fluorescence; human; human cell; in vitro study; photodynamic therapy; phototoxicity; priority journal; TFK-1 cell line; bile duct cancer; bile duct carcinoma; chemistry; devices; drug delivery system; drug effect; drug eluting stent; metabolism; pathology; photochemotherapy; procedures; tumor cell line; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cholangiocarcinoma; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug-Eluting Stents; Humans; Methacrylates; Photochemotherapy; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polyvinyls; Reactive Oxygen Species
Publisher
Springer New York LLC
Type
journal article