A community-based study on the association between hypertension and the air and drinking water quality
Date Issued
2007
Date
2007
Author(s)
Yang, Hui-Ju
DOI
en-US
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between hypertension and air and drinking water quality.
Material and methods: Our study population includes 81,949 residents over 20 years old of 81 communities who have participated in a community-based integrated screen programs for multiple diseases from 2001 to 2005 in Taiwan. The classification of participant’s hypertensive status is based on the JNC7 criteria. The air quality data in each community including particulate matter, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon oxide, and ozone from 1993 to 2005 were obtained from the TEPA air pollutant monitor network. The quality of drinking water in each community including hardness (calcium carbonate), pH, nitrite, nitrate, and sulfate during 1979-2005 obtained from a routine monitoring program operated by the Taiwan Water Cooperation (TWC) and Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency (TEPA). We used Generalized Linear Mixed-effect models to investigate the association between hypertension and environmental quality items adjusted for gender, age, body mass index, smoking, drinking, exercise, education level and family history.
Results: We collected 18867 subjects in 12 communities to study the association of air quality and hypertension, and 81949 subjects in 81 communities to study the association of drinking water quality and hypertension. The age adjusted prevalence rate averaged at 23 % among the 12 communities, and the age adjusted prevalence rate of hypertension averaged at 24 % among the 81 communities. In our study, we found the effects of these risk factors of hypertension as follows: gender, age, BMI, drinking, low educational level, hypertension family history, and glucose value showed the positive effects of hypertension; cigarette smoking, exercise behavior, and HDLC value showed negative effects. We found the positive effects of sulfur dioxide (OR: 1.21, 1.12-1.29), PM10 (OR: 1.10, 1.06-1.15), and nitrogen dioxide (OR: 1.16, 1.08-1.25) in air quality and the negative effects of nitrite (OR: 0.91, 0.85-0.97), sulfate (OR: 0.98, 0.98-0.99), and hardness (OR: 0.97, 0.96-0.98) in drinking water quality. Further multiple pollutants and gender difference analysis also showed similar results.
Conclusion: Sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and nitrogen dioxide in air quality are positively associated with hypertension, whereas nitrite, sulfate, and hardness are negatively associated with hypertension. Further studies can be performed to explore the dose response and biomechanism.
Subjects
空氣品質
飲用水品質
廣義線性混合型模式
Air quality
drinking water quality
hypertension
Generalized Linear Mixed Model
Type
thesis
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