Current Opinions and Consensus for Studying Tremor in Animal Models
Journal
Cerebellum
Journal Volume
18
Journal Issue
6
Pages
1036-1063
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Kuo S.-H.
Louis E.D.
Faust P.L.
Handforth A.
Chang S.-Y.
Avlar B.
Lang E.J.
Miterko L.N.
Brown A.M.
Sillitoe R.V.
Anderson C.J.
Pulst S.M.
Gallagher M.J.
Lyman K.A.
Chetkovich D.M.
Clark L.N.
Tio M.
Tan E.-K.
Elble R.J.
Abstract
Tremor is the most common movement disorder; however, we are just beginning to understand the brain circuitry that generates tremor. Various neuroimaging, neuropathological, and physiological studies in human tremor disorders have been performed to further our knowledge of tremor. But, the causal relationship between these observations and tremor is usually difficult to establish and detailed mechanisms are not sufficiently studied. To overcome these obstacles, animal models can provide an important means to look into human tremor disorders. In this manuscript, we will discuss the use of different species of animals (mice, rats, fruit flies, pigs, and monkeys) to model human tremor disorders. Several ways to manipulate the brain circuitry and physiology in these animal models (pharmacology, genetics, and lesioning) will also be discussed. Finally, we will discuss how these animal models can help us to gain knowledge of the pathophysiology of human tremor disorders, which could serve as a platform towards developing novel therapies for tremor. ? 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Subjects
Animal models; Cerebellum; Genetics; Pathology; Physiology; Purkinje cells; Tremor
Other Subjects
harmaline; hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated channel; RNA binding protein FUS; Article; cerebellum disease; climbing fiber; consensus; disease model; Drosophila; epilepsy; essential tremor; experimental animal; GABAergic system; Haplorhini; human; mouse mutant; nonhuman; pathogenesis; pathophysiology; pig; primate; priority journal; Purkinje cell; rat strain; spinocerebellar degeneration; tremor; animal; animal model; brain; consensus; diagnostic imaging; expert witness; mouse; nerve cell network; rat; tremor; Animals; Brain; Consensus; Drosophila; Expert Testimony; Haplorhini; Mice; Models, Animal; Nerve Net; Rats; Swine; Tremor
Type
journal article