Determination of anti-inflammatory drugs using thermosensitive microvesicle-cloud point microextraction
Date Issued
2015
Date
2015
Author(s)
Lee, Yueh-Chan
Abstract
A simple cloud-point extraction (CPE) method for the determination of 7 common used anti-inflammatory drugs in the natural water system was developed. The CPE system was built up on a binary mixing system of the non-ionic surfactants of Pluronic series, and the CPE kit, which was coated with PL121 and PF68 surfactants on the bottom of eppendorf, was produced vast amount efficiently by combining the thing-film hydration method which is widely used in manufacturing the clinical drug delivery system. The prepared CPE kit makes the extraction procedure in a much simpler way. Anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, salicylic acid, ketoprofen, diclofenac, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid) were extracted from water specimens by adding 2 mL specimen into the CPE kit, then sonication in a water bath was performed for accelerating the thin-film hydration process. After the CPE procedure, anti-inflammatory drugs were present in the surfactant-rich phase, and were analyzed by the Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA) system directly. For developing an extraction method which is friendly to the environment and non-toxic to the technician, the CPE procedure used only surfactants that were biocompatible and biodegradable, and non of organic solvent has been used. The optimum analytical conditions for binary mixing and the CPE system were established. Under these conditions, linear calibration curves were obtained over the range of 50 to 8000 μg L-1, and exhibited coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from 0.9953 to 0.9995, with detection limits of 10 to 100 μg L-1 of each analytes. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were from 3.2 to 12.7% for intraday (n= 5), while for inter-day (n= 15) the values were between 2.5% and 14.1%. The average relative recoveries ranged from 17.34% for acetaminophen to 133.03% for mefenamic acid Additionally, the self-assembly trend was studied by cryo-TEM, and the optimum aggregation temperature that may produce the maximum stability of the vesicular aggregate of the binary mixing system has been correlated with the CPE experimental results. These results may study forward in CPE techniques and the drug delivery systems in the future.
Subjects
cloud-point extraction
thin-film hydration
binary mixing system
PL121
PF68
cryo-TEM
Type
thesis