Laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection: Current and future perspectives in clinical diagnosis and public health
Journal
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection
Journal Volume
38
Journal Issue
1
Pages
5-16
Date Issued
2005
Author(s)
Abstract
Since no protective vaccine or specific treatments are available for dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), accurate diagnosis is critical for the early initiation of specific preventive health measures to curtail epidemic spread and reduce economic losses. Commonly used diagnosis methods for confirming dengue infection involve virus isolation, detection of virus antigen or RNA in plasma or serum or tissues, and the presence of dengue virus-specific antibodies in serum and other body fluids. Recently, several techniques have been developed for rapid laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus, including centrifugation amplification to enhance virus isolation rate, the flow cytometry method for early detection of cultured virus, detecting viral nucleic acid e.g., by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative RT-PCR, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, and real-time PCR, detecting free viral non-structure antigens, anti-dengue virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and differentiation of primary versus secondary dengue virus infection. Newly established methods must be standardized to maintain high quality laboratory performance. Laboratory diagnostics must be tailored to a specific laboratory environment, the objectives of clinical needs and the availability of clinical specimens. Speed and accuracy of diagnosis must be balanced against test cost and availability. Future challenges in the study of dengue and DHF include the application of modern techniques, such as nucleic acid chips, protein chips and new biomarkers to avoid cross-reactivity among different serotypes of dengue viruses and other flaviviruses, plus development of internationally standardized guidelines to improve quality assurance of these advanced laboratory tests.
Subjects
Dengue virus; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Laboratory techniques and procedures; Serologic tests; Viral hemorrhagic fevers
SDGs
Other Subjects
immunoglobulin G antibody; immunoglobulin M antibody; virus antigen; virus RNA; antibody titer; dengue; Dengue virus; differential diagnosis; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; hemorrhagic fever; human; laboratory diagnosis; laboratory test; nonhuman; nucleic acid sequence based amplification; pathogenesis; real time polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; review; serodiagnosis; serology; virus detection; virus infection; virus isolation; virus particle; Antibodies, Viral; Antigens, Viral; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Humans; Laboratory Techniques and Procedures; Public Health; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Viral
Type
review
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