Safety and efficacy of nazartinib (EGF816) in adults with EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung carcinoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 1 study
Journal
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Journal Volume
8
Journal Issue
6
Pages
561-572
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Tan D.S.-W.
Leighl N.B.
Riely G.J.
Sequist L.V.
Wolf J.
Seto T.
Felip E.
Aix S.P.
Jonnaert M.
Pan C.
Tan E.Y.
Ko J.
Moody S.E.
Kim D.-W.
Abstract
Background: Resistance to first-generation and second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is mediated by the emergence of the Thr790Met mutation in 50–60% of treated patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to assess the safety and activity of nazartinib (EGF816), a third-generation EGFR TKI that selectively inhibits EGFR with Thr790Met or activating mutations (or both), while sparing wild-type EGFR, in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Methods: This phase 1 dose-escalation part of an open-label, multicentre, phase 1/2 study was conducted at nine academic medical centres located in Europe, Asia, and North America. Patients were included if they were aged 18 years or older and had stage IIIB–IV EGFR-mutant NSCLC (with varying statuses of EGFR mutation and previous therapy allowed), at least one measurable lesion, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 or less. Nazartinib (at seven dose levels between 75 mg and 350 mg, in capsule or tablet form) was administered orally, once daily, on a continuous 28-day dosing schedule. A two-parameter Bayesian logistic regression model, guided by the escalation with overdose control principle, was implemented to make dose recommendations and estimate the maximum tolerated dose or recommended phase 2 dose of nazartinib (the primary outcome). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02108964); enrolment to phase 1 is complete and the study is ongoing. Findings: By Aug 31, 2017, 180 patients (116 [64%] women; median age 60 years (52–69); 116 [64%] with ECOG performance status 1) received nazartinib across seven dose levels: 75 mg (n=17), 100 mg (n=38), 150 mg (n=73), 200 mg (n=8), 225 mg (n=28), 300 mg (n=5), and 350 mg (n=11). Seven dose-limiting toxicities were observed in six (3%) patients who received 150 mg, 225 mg, or 350 mg nazartinib once daily. Although the maximum tolerated dose was not met, the recommended phase 2 dose was declared as 150 mg once daily (tablet). The most common adverse events, regardless of cause, were rash (all subcategories 111 [62%] patients, maculopapular rash 72 [40%], dermatitis acneiform 22 [12%]), diarrhoea (81 [45%]), pruritus (70 [39%]), fatigue (54 [30%]), and stomatitis (54 [30%]), and were mostly grades 1–2. Any-cause grade 3–4 adverse events were reported in 99 (55%) patients across all doses, the most common being rash (all subcategories grouped 27 [15%]), pneumonia (12 [7%]), anaemia (ten [6%]), and dyspnoea (nine [5%]). Serious adverse events suspected to be drug-related occurred in 16 (9%) patients. Interpretation: Nazartinib has a favourable safety profile, with low-grade skin toxicity characterised by a predominantly maculopapular rash that required minimal dose reductions. Funding: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. ? 2020 Elsevier Ltd
SDGs
Other Subjects
epidermal growth factor receptor; nazartinib; antineoplastic agent; benzimidazole derivative; EGFR protein, human; epidermal growth factor receptor; nazartinib; nicotine; adult; anemia; Article; Asia; backache; cancer staging; constipation; controlled study; coughing; decreased appetite; dermatitis; diarrhea; dizziness; drug dosage form comparison; drug dose escalation; drug dose regimen; drug efficacy; drug safety; dry skin; dyspnea; EGFR gene; Europe; fatigue; female; fever; gene mutation; headache; human; maculopapular rash; major clinical study; male; maximum tolerated dose; middle aged; multicenter study; muscle spasm; nausea; non small cell lung cancer; North America; paronychia; peripheral edema; phase 1 clinical trial; phase 2 clinical trial; pneumonia; priority journal; pruritus; stomatitis; treatment outcome; university hospital; upper respiratory tract infection; vomiting; aged; clinical trial; genetics; lung tumor; non small cell lung cancer; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Benzimidazoles; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; ErbB Receptors; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Treatment Outcome
Publisher
Lancet Publishing Group
Type
journal article