Genomic landscape in acute myeloid leukemia and its implications in risk classification and targeted therapies
Journal
Journal of Biomedical Science
Journal Volume
27
Journal Issue
1
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy in terms of clinical features, underlying pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. Recent advances in genomic techniques have unraveled the molecular complexity of AML leukemogenesis, which in turn have led to refinement of risk stratification and personalized therapeutic strategies for patients with AML. Incorporation of prognostic and druggable genetic biomarkers into clinical practice to guide patient-specific treatment is going to be the mainstay in AML therapeutics. Since 2017 there has been an explosion of novel treatment options to tailor personalized therapy for AML patients. In the past 3 years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a total of eight drugs for the treatment of AML; most specifically target certain gene mutations, biological pathways, or surface antigen. These novel agents are especially beneficial for older patients or those with comorbidities, in whom the treatment choice is limited and the clinical outcome is very poor. How to balance efficacy and toxicity to further improve patient outcome is clinically relevant. In this review article, we give an overview of the most relevant genetic markers in AML with special focus on the therapeutic implications of these aberrations. ? 2020 The Author(s).
SDGs
Other Subjects
bromodomain inhibitor; CD135 antigen; DNA methyltransferase inhibitor; enzyme inhibitor; histone deacetylase inhibitor; histone lysine methyltransferase inhibitor; isocitrate dehydrogenase; isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitor; lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibitor; mixed lineage leukemia protein; oxidoreductase inhibitor; protein bcl 2; protein p53; protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor; transcription factor EZH2; tumor marker; unclassified drug; acute myeloid leukemia; cancer incidence; DNA modification; EZH2 gene; FLT3 gene; gene frequency; gene mutation; gene rearrangement; genetic risk; human; IDH gene; KIT gene; MLL gene; molecular pathology; molecularly targeted therapy; nonhuman; oncogene; oncogene ras; priority journal; Review; RNA splicing; TP53 gene; acute myeloid leukemia; gene therapy; genetic marker; genetics; genomics; human genome; procedures; prognosis; risk factor; Genetic Markers; Genetic Therapy; Genome, Human; Genomics; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Prognosis; Risk Factors
Publisher
BioMed Central
Type
review