Application of the Microwave Assisted Mechanical Mixing Processes and Traditional Heating on the Production of Tung-oil Based biodiesel
Date Issued
2010
Date
2010
Author(s)
Chang, Mei-Chin
Abstract
Because fossil energy is non-renewable and environmental impacts of its use are serious, the biodiesel produced using non-food stuff materials is regarded as a renewable and green energy. In this study, the transesterification reactions of Tung-oil, palm oil, canola oil and blended oil were examined. Three transesterification processes were assessed, namely, 1) alkaline-catalyzed transesterifications without and 2) with heating via microwave or 3) traditional heating plate (HP). The pre-mixed blended oil consists of Tung-oil (20 wt.%), palm oil (30 wt.%) and canola oil (50 wt.%). The transesterification yield (YF) of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) via the combined microwave and stirring process is higher than those via the other two processes at the same other conditions. The low energy efficiency of heating via HP process barely improves the transesterification reaction. Moreover, the microwave process saves about 75.72-85.27% energy as compared to HP process.
The YF of Tung-oil that is an unrefined oil from Tung tree seed, is smaller than those of other oils. The non-oil substances in Tung-oil may interfere with the transesterification reaction. The biodiesel of blended oil (BME) exhibits lower density (ρB), kinematic viscosity (KV) and iodine value (IV) of biodiesel than the Tung-oil (TME). The corresponding values ofρB, KV, AV, IV, cold filter plug point (CFPP) and ester content of BME are 885 kg m-3, 4.91 mm2 s-1, 0.11 mg KOH, 120.86 g I2 100 g-1, -5 oC and 97.8 wt.%, respectively, and those of TME are 897 kg m-3, 8.34 mm2 s-1, 0.12 mg KOH, 164 g I2 100 g-1, -16 oC and 86.7 wt.% respectively. In comparison with the biodiesel standards of Taiwan and Europe with ρB = 800-900 kg m-3, KV = 3-5 mm2 s-1, IV = 120 max. g I2 100 g-1 and ester content = 96.5 wt.%, BME is better than TME. The unsatisfied IV of 120.86 g I2 100 g-1 of BME can be satisfied reducing the content of Tung-oil in blended oil, for example, with 10 wt.% of Tung-oil, 30 wt.% of palm oil and 60 wt.% of canola oil, yielding the modified BME noted as BME2. The BME2 gives ρB = 883 kg m-3, KV = 4.67 mm2 s-1 and IV = 118.90 g I2 100 g-1.
Subjects
Tung-oil
palm oil
canola oil
blended oil
transesterification
biodiesel
microwave
SDGs
Type
thesis
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