Exposure to bisphenol analogues and risk of anemia in young adults.
Journal
Environment international
Journal Volume
208
Start Page
Article number 110101
ISSN
1873-6750
Date Issued
2026-02
Author(s)
Chiu, Chi-Yin
Huang, Po-Chin
Hwang, Jing-Shiang
Abstract
Background Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues are widely used endocrine disruptors. Their potential role in anemia remains unclear. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 940 adults aged 19–44 years from the Young Taiwanese Cohort (2017–2019) to assess associations of urinary bisphenol A and analogues (BPAF, BPS, BPF, BPB) with hematological indices and anemia risk. Urinary bisphenols were quantified, and hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular indices, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), serum iron, and transferrin saturation (TSAT) were analyzed using single- and multi-pollutant regression models to explore exposure effects and sex, age, and body mass index (BMI)-specific differences. Results Prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was 8.9% (13.7% in women, 2.5% in men), 16.9% (28.0% in women, 1.8% in men), and 5.9% (9.2% in women, 1.3% in men), respectively. Higher urinary BPAF, BPS, and BPF were associated with lower hemoglobin, hematocrit, ferritin, and serum iron, and higher odds of anemia and iron-deficiency anemia. Associations were stronger in women. Conclusion Exposure to BPA substitutes (BPAF, BPS, BPF) was associated with disrupted iron metabolism and increased anemia risk, particularly in women.
Subjects
Anemia
Bisphenol analogues
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Environmental epidemiology
Environmental exposure
Type
journal article